Homologous biopolymers

To start, let s divide natural polymers into two major categories. Homologous biopolymers consist of only one type of monomer unit—for example, proteins (amino acid units). Heterologous biopolymers, as their name implies, contain more than one class of monomer units. An example would be glycoproteins, which contain both carbohydrate and protein portions. Heterologous polymers are often block or graft copolymers. We will focus our attention on homologous biopolymers. 

The 48 kDa protein was purified for Al-terminal sequencing and shown to have significant homology with porin-P from the gram negative bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Tanoue s data are the most direct evidence to date that resistant biopolymers selectively survive degradation and accumulate as oceanic DOM. 

Shim JY, Welsh WJ, Howlett AC (2003) Homology model of the CBI cannabinoid receptor sites critical for non-classical cannabinoid agonist interaction. Biopolymers 71 169-189... 

Zimmer, R. and J. Halfmann, Optimizing Homology Models of protein structures with potentials of mean force, in Monte Carlo Approach to Biopolymers and protein Folding, P. B. Grassberger, G., Nadler, W., Editor. 1998, World Scientific, p. 45-68. 

The genealogy of microorganisms is most clearly recorded in their common biopolymers, the amino acid sequence of homologous proteins and the nucleotide sequence of homologous nucleic acids. 

K. Eick-Helmerich and V. Braun, Import of biopolymers into Escherichia coli Nucleotide sequences of the exbB and exbD genes are homologous to those of the tolQ and tolR genes, respectively, /. Bacterial 777,5117-5126(1989). 

Six to nine polymer samples of different molar masses but similar molar mass distributions are required to establish a reliable [ q] -M-relationship. For many polymers it is no problem to get these samples from different synthesis conditions. However, for new synthesis methods, expensive samples or biopolymers from a single native sample it is often not possible nor feasible to get the required number of samples with different molar masses. In these cases, it is possible to produce a homologous series of molar masses from a single sample by degradation methods. 

The features which a standard molecular description file format must have in order to be useful and enduring largely depend on the research areas in which the file is to be used. But certainly, it would be helpful if the standard were versatile and extensible so that emerging areas of research could be accommodated without frequent major revisions being necessary. However, the scale of detail in the models employed in some research areas differs so greatly that it may be better to have different but related standards for each area. Specifically, perhaps there should be a standard for molecular descriptions at the atomic level and a separate standard for biopolymer descriptions at the residue level. The two standards must be related so that a molecular model at the atomic level could be generated for conformation studies when only a sequence is known and sequence homologies in a sequence data bank could be rapidly searched for a biopolymer of known conformation. 

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