Biomedical applications oligonucleotides

Stewart, J. M. and Klis, W. A. (1990) Peptides, polypeptides and oligonucleotides. Macro-organic reagents and catalysts and biomedical applications, in Innovation and Perspectives in Solid Phase Synthesis and Related Technologies (Epton, R., ed.), Mayflower Worldwide Ltd, Birmingham, UK, pp. 1-9. 

Singhal, R P, Xian, J, Separation of Nucleic Acids and Oligonucleotides and Sequencing of DNA Fragments by Capillary Electrophoresis, in Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Applications of Capillary Electrophoresis, S.M. Lunte, Radzik, D. M Editor. 1996, Elsevier Science LTD. 

Electrospray mass spectrometry has developed into a well-established method of wide scope and potential over the past 15 years. The softness of electrospray ionization has made this technique an indispensable tool for biochemical and biomedical research. Electrospray ionization has revolutionized the analysis of labile biopolymers, with applications ranging from the analysis of DNA, RNA, oligonucleotides, proteins as well as glycoproteins to carbohydrates, lipids, gly-colipids, and lipopolysaccharides, often in combination with state-of-the-art separation techniques like liquid chromatography or capillary electrophoresis [1,2]. Beyond mere analytical applications, electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESMS) has proven to be a powerful tool for collision-induced dissociation (CID) and multiple-stage mass spectrometric (MSn) analysis, and - beyond the elucidation of primary structures - even for the study of noncovalent macromolecular complexes [3]. 

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