Biomass valorization cellulose

Rodrigues, C.S., Ghavami, K., Stroeven, R, 2010. Rice husk ash as a supplementary raw material for the production of cellulose-cement composites with improved performance. Waste Biomass Valorization, 1(2), pp. 241-249. 

Biomass Valorization to Biochemicals and Biofuels 170 Cellulose hydrolysis to glucose 171... 

Taking into account the above statements, the following section will discuss the catalytic performances of nanofluorides in some applications on biomass valorization such as the cellulose hydrolysis to glucose [145], cellulose valorization to lactic acid [146], and the valorization of glycerol (i.e., the by-product of biodiesel production) to synthesis of diacyl and triacyl glycerine [147], but also the dehydration of xylose and glucose to furan derivatives [148,149]. 

For example, in a (thermochemical) biorefinery, biomass is converted into energy carriers such as transportation fuels (e.g., ethanol), heat, and power and/or chemicals. In terms of energy content, the amount of biomass for (transportation) fuels and CHP (e.g., by combustion) is much higher than the amount used for the production of chemicals. However, in terms of added value, chemicals can provide a significant contribution to the overall cost effeaiveness of the refinery. When the main product of a biorefinery is (hemi) cellulose bioethanol, the lignin ends up in a residue that mostly is used as a fuel to generate heat. The economics of the biorefinery will benefit much from the valorization of this lignin-rich residue to value-added aromatic chemicals. 

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