Biomass feedstocks prepared from

Synthesis gas may be prepared from any feedstock containing any ratio of carbon and hydrogen and oxygen and not extreme levels of sulphur and nitrogen. Such a definition covers feedstocks ranging from wood, biomass, coal and heavy fuel oils, to naphtha and natural gas. 

Biomass and Biochemical Processes. Phenolic resins have been produced from biomass and using biochemical processes in various ways. In Japan biomass from wood waste or waste from the food industry is treated with phenols and strong acid catalysis and heat to produce phenolic resins (88). Research at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory has shown that ablative fast pyrolysis can be used to convert a wide variety of biomass feedstocks into a liquid oil. The phenolic rich component can be extracted from this oil and used as a low cost replacement for synthetic phenol in phenolic resins (89). In another approach, soybean peroxidase enzymes have been used to prepare resins from phenolic moieties without the use of formaldehyde (90). 

The second-generation biofuels (or advanced biofuels) are derived from lignocellu-losic biomass, nonfood crop feedstocks, agricultural and forest residues, and industrial wastes. They are mainly produced through the utilization of physical, thermochemical, and biochemical technologies, usually after a pretreatment stage of the biomass feedstock (Liew et al., 2014). The pretreatment step is a very important step to prepare the biomass properties (e.g., size, moisture, density, etc.) in order to facilitate the conversion processes (Agbor et al., 2011). 

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