Biological system perturbation

A cell subjected to a stress of any kind can potentially exhibit a wide range of responses. Severe stress may lead to cell death and, ultimately, to cell lysis imposition of less severe conditions may result in a metabolically perturbed system, which may either revert to its initial state or adapt in some way to the imposed conditions. Figure 10 shows a hypothetical scheme, presented by Prokop and Bajpai [12], for the signal-response cascade associated with hydrodynamic shear stress. The signal reception/transduction mechanisms are, as yet, poorly understood. While Fig. 10 can be applied to any biological system, Namdev and... 

An experimentally controlled biochemical or biological system used for the quantitative analysis of perturbations imposed by a test sample (2) a set of operations having the object of determining the value of a quantity. In analytical chemistry, this term is synonymous with measurement. 

In a real biological system, DNA is mostly surrounded by many proteins. Protein binding to DNA involves a number of hydrogen bonds and electrostatic contacts between two biopolymers, and induces not only structural deviation from the typical B-form structure, but also electronic perturbation of the -stacked array of base pairs. We tackled the electronic effects of protein binding on the efficiency of hole transport by using a restriction en-... 

Thus, any foreign compound, which comes into contact with a biological system, will cause certain perturbations in that system. These biological responses, such as the inhibition of enzymes and interaction with receptors, macromolecules, or organelles, may not necessarily be toxicologically relevant. This point is particularly important when assessing in vitro data, and it involves the concept of a dose threshold or the lack of such a threshold, in the "one molecule, one hit" theory of toxicity. 

Today, the most widely used definition of chemogenomics refers to the perturbation of biological systems with the help of small molecules, thus gaining a holistic understanding of the interaction of such molecules with complex molecular systems. In this context, chemogenomics is simply a subset of genomics in which the focus is on small molecules [7, 8]. 

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