Biological surface modification methods examples

Covalent immobilization methods of NAs to a silica surface require its chemical modification. Functionally inert surface silanols (Si - OH) need to be transformed into reactive species to which the NAs can be attached irreversibly. To date, the main method for the attachment of biological moieties to silica surfaces has involved substrate reaction with organofunctional silanes of the general structure (RO)3Si(CH2)X, followed by the covalent attachment of the biological molecule to the newly introduced fimctional group on the surface [31,32]. Examples of organofimctional silanes used this way include (3-glycidoxypropyl)trimethoxysilane, (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane,... 

Ellipsometry can follow the interactions between two types of biological macromolecules, the first of those two bound physically to the surface, the other acting from the solution. The binding of conconavalin A to adsorbed mannan 180) and of cholera toxin to adsorbed ganglioside t83) are examples. The adsorption of complement factors to an antibody-coated surface was monitored by ellipsometry and a modification of the same method was used for quantification of migration inhibition of human polymorphonuclear leucocytes 182). Interaction of proteins and cells with affinity ligands covalently coupled to silicon surfaces has been also studied 183). 

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