Biological insecticides, characteristics

This section will primarily focus on fluorinated agrochemicals in advanced stages of development that have been assigned an ISO name since 2001. Some important sources of information are the latest edition of Global Insecticide Directory, Agranova, and The Pesticide Manual. However, in many cases, only limited information is available about the synthesis, biology, mode of action, and structure-activity characteristics of the molecules. 

Kino T, Hatanaka H, Hashimoto M, Nishiyama M, Goto T, Okuhara M, Kohsaka M, Aoki H, Imanaka H (1987) FK-506, a novel immunosuppressant isolated from Streptomyces. 1 fermentation, isolation and physico-chemical and biological characteristics. J Antibiot 40 1249-1255 Kirst HA (2010) The spinosyn family of insecticides realizing the potential of natural product research. J Antibiot 63 101-111 Kirst HA, Michel KH, Martin JW, Creemer LC, Ohio EH, Yao RC, Nakatsukasa WM, Boeck L, Occolowitz JL, Paschal JW, Deeter JB, Jones ND, Thompson GD (1991) A83543A-D, unique fermentation-derived tetracyclic macrolides. Tetrahedron Lett 32 4839-4842 Kleinkauf H, von Dohren H (1987) Biosynthesis of peptide antibiotics. Ann Rev Microbiol 41 259-289... 

Today, more than 300 alkamides have been isolated as natural products and more than 100 of their synthetic analogs have been prepared. A large variety of biological activities have been described for these compounds. However, three activities are predominantly important analgesic attributed to the alkenylamides isolated from some Asteraceae, Capsicum and Piper species immunomodulatory associated to the characteristic W-alkynylamides found in some of the Asteraceae plants and antifungal and insecticidal shown for the sulfurated alkamides from Glycosmis. 

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