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Biogeochemical Peculiarities of Tropical Soils

The high rate of edaphic biological processes is the characteristic property of any tropical ecosystem. In the maximum degree this is related to the Tropical Rain Forest ecosystems. For instance, in the African Rain Forest ecosystems the soil surface receives annually from 1200 to 1500 ton/ha of various plant residues. Edaphic invertebrates and microbes transform this large mass very rapidly. A continuous forest litter is practically nonexistent in the Tropical Rain Forest ecosystems and a thin layer of dead leaves alternates with patches of bare ground. All elements that mineralized from litterfall, are taken up by the complex root system of a multi-storied forest to re-input to the biogeochemical cycling. [Pg.294]

Most soil-forming rocks of various Tropical ecosystems are the products of ancient weathering. These rocks contain a very limited number ofnutrients available forplant uptake. Mineralized dead plant organic matter is the main source of essential macro-and microelements. The microbial transformation of plant residues of tropical plant [Pg.294]

ElemenL Pool ill biomass, kg/ha Content of chemical species in main parts of annual NPP  [Pg.295]

The Seasonal Tropical Forest and Woody Savanna ecosystems are common in tropical regions with a short dry period. The characteristic features of soils from these ecosystems are the neutral reaction of soil solution and periodic leaching during wet season. The herbaceous species favor the formation of both sward and humus horizons. [Pg.296]

Different conditions are typical for the Dry Tropical Wood, Dry Savanna and Dry Woody Shrub ecosystems in the areas with precipitation rates of 400-600 mm and a prolonged dry season. The microbial activity is suppressed during a dry season too. The soils of these ecosystems have no even periodic leaching, the formation of transpiration biogeochemical barrier in upper soil layer favor the alkaline reaction and accumulation of soluble salts. [Pg.296]


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