Biocatalytic conversion of aromatics

Economic Perspectives of Biocatalytic Conversion of Aromatics to Optical Pure Synthons for the Pharmaceutical Industry... 

Antibody catalysts, role in environmentally benign synthesis of chemicals, 125-126 Aqueous-supercritical carbon dioxide medium, phase-transfer catalytic oxidation, 144-145 Arene cw-dihydrodiols, biocatalytic conversion of aromatics to optically pure synthons for pharmaceutical industry, 180-195... 

In addition, the conversion of aromatic nitriles into carboxylic acids or amides has been applied for the production of fine chemicals. For example, Lonza reported the biocatalytic manufacture of niacinamide starting from 3-cyanopyri-dine [85]. It is said that this process will be carried out in the future on a multithousand tons scale. 

Figure 5. The biocatalytic pathway (boxed arrows) created for microbial conversion of D-glucose into cis, cw-muconate from the perspective of the biochemical pathways from which the enzymes were recruited. Conversion of D-glucose into DHS requires transketolase (tkt) from the pentose phosphate pathway and DAHP synthase (aroF, aroG, aroH)y DHQ synthase aroB and DHQ dehydratase aroD) from the common pathway of aromatic amino acid biosynthesis. Conversion of DHS into catechol requires DHS dehydratase (aroZ, enzyme A) from hydroaromatic catabolism, protocatechuate decarboxylase aroY, enzyme B), and catechol 1,2-dioxygenase (caM, enzyme C) from the benzoate branch of the p-ketoadipate pathway. (Adapted and reproduced with permission from ref. 21.)...

The process of biocatalytic dihydroxylation, the conversion of a carton-carbon double bond to a saturated vicinal diol, is summarized in Fig, 2. This reaction, when carried out on an aromatic substrate, may be catalyzed by a monooxygenase enzyme and proceed via an arene oxide (epoxide) intermediate to give a franr-diol, but is exclusively the domain... 

---