Binding and unbinding

Hagan, M.F. Dinner, A.R. Chandler, D. Chakraborty, A.K., Atomistic understanding of kinetic pathways for single base-pair binding and unbinding in DNA, Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 2003,100, 13922-13927... 

Diagonalizing this IPDM, we can get the binding (+) and unbinding (—) molecular natural orbitals (NOs),... 

Fig. 11. Proposed schematic representation of the swiveling movement of helices in the Fq portion of ATP synthase. Since deprotonation of the Asp-61 residue can only occur at the periphery of the c-rotor at the a-c interface, twisting and swiveling of the helices composing the c subunits is caused by the rotation of the c-rotor. Since all protonated c subunits are identical, untwisted (protonated) c subunit helices should twist when the c-rotor rotates as a result of proton binding and unbinding during ATP synthesis...

The kinetics of pH are governed by proton binding and unbinding as well as the consumption and generation of protons via chemical reactions. For a general system of Nr reactants, and considering [H+], [Mg2+], and [K+] binding, the total... 

To analyze this system we simplify the kinetic mechanism by assuming that the binding and unbinding of glucose from the transporter are rapid, with dissociation constant Kd on both sides of the membrane. This rapid-equilibrium assumption yields ... 

A possible mechanism for this antiport reaction is illustrated in the right panel of Figure 7.2. Here the binding and unbinding of reactants to the antiporter protein are lumped into single reactions ... 

Analogous to the treatment of the antiporter in Section 7.1.2, the mechanism of Figure 7.5 assumes that the binding and unbinding steps are lumped into single reactions. This assumption is reasonable if the binding and unbinding reaction are maintained in rapid equilibrium ex = [Na+J3[Ca2+]< i/A / and e- = [Na+]3[Ca ]e4/A. These relationships allow us to simplify Equation (7.23) to... 

Transport of magnesium ion across the inner membrane is not considered. Therefore the Mg2+ ion kinetics is governed by binding and unbinding to biochemical... 

We have also investigated the mechanism of transport in these membranes. In such MR-based facilitated-transport membranes, the permeating species is transported by sequential binding and unbinding events with the MR agent [3,5,44]. 

Fig. 2.10. (A) Schematic of the structure of cameleon containing CFP, YFP, CaM, and M13 showing the change in FRET upon binding and unbinding of Ca + ions. (B) Histograms of the energy transfer efficiency measured for single molecules of cameleon in agarose gels, at three different Ca ion concentrations. For details, see [95]...

The distinctions between confinement by closed versus open boundaries, free versus "almost-free" hydrogen atom, and the criteria for binding and unbinding of an electron in the comments of 2.2, 2.3 and 2.4 have also been addressed, with new and, originally unexpected, results. 

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