Bicyclic alkanes

Cyclic hydrocarbons can contain more than one ring Spirocyclic hydro carbons are characterized by the presence of a single carbon that is com mon to two rings Bicyclic alkanes contain two rings that share two or more atoms... 

A route to bicyclic alkanes was published by Ley et al. [31], which involved a double Michael addition with a resin-bound unsaturated ester to afford the highly functionalized bicyclo[2.2.2]octane(Fig. 5). 

Draw isomers of alkanes and cycloalkanes, and use the IUPAC rules to name alkanes, cycloalkanes, and bicyclic alkanes. Problems 3-32,33,37, and 41... 

This is the most strained of all bicyclic alkanes Calculated geometries of... 

Alkenes and alkynes exhibit skeletal isomerism in which the carbon chain is varied and positional isomerism where the position of the multiple bond is different. Functional isomers differ in the class of compounds to which they belong. For example, functional isomers of an alkyne could be a diene, cycloalkene, or bicyclic alkane. 

Alexander R., Kagi R.I., Noble R., Volkman J.K. (1984a) Identification of some bicyclic alkanes in petroleum. Org. Geochem. 6, 63—70. 

Bridged bicyclic alkanes are named in the manner bicyclo[numberMumber,number] alkane. As illustrated for bicyclo[3.2.1]octane, the parent alkane is the one with the same number of carbons as the total in the bicyclic skeleton. 

Correctly name alkanes, cycloalkanes, and bicyclic alkanes. 

In Table 6, which was compiled from work on bicyclo[n.l.O]alkanes, bicyclo[1.1.0]-butanes, bicyclo[2.1.0]hexanes, bicyclo[2.2.1]heptanes , bicyclo[3.1.1]heptanes bicyclo[2.2.2]octanes ", bicyclo[3.3.0]octanes", bicyclo[4.n.0]alkanes, bicyclo[3.3.13-nonanes" spiro[4.5]alkanes" and trans-decalins the chemical shifts of several bicyclic alkanes are tabulated. The values were mainly explained by the steric effects present in the different structural environments, with the exception of fused cyclopropane rings (see below). 

To illustrate these effects a comparison of the disubstituted methylnorbornanes 7-9 TABLE 6. CNMR chemical shifts of bicyclic alkanes... 

In Table 153,198-204.231 ij i3( i3q values of several cyclic and bicyclic alkanes are collected. For symmetric compounds like cyclohexane, deuteriated species are usually investigated because the deuterium label removes the equivalence of the carbon atoms and allows observation of the coupling constant. 

PRACTICE PROBLEM 4.9 Give names for each of the following bicyclic alkanes ... 

The rates of the thermal decomposition of the l,l -diphenyl bicyclic alkanes (2 n = 3—8) are extremely dependent upon ring size. ... 

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