Beyond Perkin

There seems no room for doubt that the above formula for ortho-limonene is the correct formula for limonene, and the classical synthesis of dipentene by W. H. Perkin, Jun., and his colleagues has proved beyond doubt that it is the correct formula for dipentene or i-limonene. 

At present, EOID s have been implemented on several experimental mass spectrometers beyond the ones described above (1) a miniaturized (4.5" focal plane) Mattauch-Herzog type mass spectrometer with a mass range of 25-500 and resolution 1/500, which has been built (Perkin-Elmer Corp., Pomona, California) for JPL as a prototype for future space and/or clinical applications and (2) an ultra-miniature (2" focal plane) Mattauch-Herzog type mass spectrometer for outer-space use. Additional uses of the EOID are presently in the planning and/or design stages. 

FIGURE 4.7 Relaxation of the same molecules as in Figure 4.6 when the maximum extent of stretching was beyond the Gaussian region. Qualitative sketch based on experimental results presented elsewhere (Perkins et al., 1994a,b, 1995). 

Conventional instrument geometries incorporate a source, prism or grating to disperse the light from the source, a detector, and necessary accessories such as lenses, mirrors, sample holders, and movable slits. If the spectral range of the instrument extends beyond the visible into the near-infrared and ultraviolet, dual sources, detectors, and ancillary electronics are required. The Perkin-Elmer Lambda 19, diagramed in Fig. 2, is an example of this technology (37). 

The color purple also plays an important role in the development of biological stains. From ancient times, purple was considered to be the most beautiful, stable and precious of all colors. Today, it is critical to the staining of blood. The journey of the Tyrian purple of the ancients to the Tyrian purple of Wilham Henry Perkin and beyond is beautifully documented by Krafts, et al. A major stage on this journey was the 1891 discovery by Ernst Malachowski of a borax-alkalinized methylene blue stain that rendered the nucleus of Plasmodium falciparum, the malarial parasite, visible for the first time - in all its purple glory [63]. 

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