Beta radioactivity

In the carbon-14 expts, HMX/RDX product was isolated qualitatively, separated Into its components, and each component assayed for carbon-14 beta radioactivity using a liquid scintillation counting technique (Ref 11). DPT-l4C was isolated as an intermediate product from the reaction mixt and similarly radioassayed. For the nitrogen-15 tagged AN expts, HMX and RDX were assayed mass spectrometrically for i5N/i4N ratios from which atom %1SN contents were calcd. In die course of these expts, each tagged species was added initially and also at subsequent stages of the reaction process. The important observations and results are summarized as ... 

The element was discovered in the pitchblende ores by the German chemist M.S. Klaproth in 1789. He named this new element uranium after the planet Uranus which had just been discovered eight years earlier in 1781. The metal was isolated first in 1841 by Pehgot by reducing the anhydrous chloride with potassium. Its radioactivity was discovered by Henry Becquerel in 1896. Then in the 1930 s and 40 s there were several revolutionary discoveries of nuclear properties of uranium. In 1934, Enrico Fermi and co-workers observed the beta radioactivity of uranium, following neutron bombardment and in 1939, Lise Meitner, Otto Hahn, and Fritz Strassmann discovered fission of uranium nucleus when bombarded with thermal neutrons to produce radioactive iso-... 

Another kind of particle and another kind of interaction were discovered from a detailed study of beta radioactivity in which electrons with a continuous spectrum of energies are emitted by an unstable nucleus. The corresponding interactions could be viewed as being due to the virtual transmutation of a neutron into a proton, an electron, and a new neutral particle of vanishing mass called the neutrino. The theory provided such a successful systematization of beta decay rate data for several nuclei that the existence of the neutrino was well established more than 20 years before its experimental discovery. The beta decay interaction was very weak even compared to the electron-photon interaction. 

Generally, if any two isobars differ in charge by e, one had a higher ground-state energy than the other and is beta radioactive. Any nuclide that... 

Konopinski, E. J. (1966). The theory of Beta Radioactivity, p. 25. Oxford Univ. Press (Clarendon), London and New York. 

E. J. Konopinsky, The Theory of Beta Radioactivity, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1966... 

Total cyanide Gross alpha and beta radioactivity Root elongation test... 

Beta-radioactive isotopes are known for every element. The half-lives and maximum energies of a few of the most important are listed in Table 2.2, together with their source. 

Show that the beta radioactivity of aged natural uranium is 0.68 /aCi/g uranium. 

Gross Alpha and Gross Beta Radioactivity (Total, Suspended, and Dissolved)... 

For measuring beta radioactivity of unknown composition, use a standard solution of Cs-137 or Sr-90 in equilibrium with its daughter. For alpha calibration use standard solution of natural uranium salt, Pu-239 or Am-241. 

A COMPARISON OF ANALYTICAL METHODS FOR SCREENING GROSS ALPHA AND BETA RADIOACTIVITY IN WATER BY LIQUID SCINTILLATION COUNTING AND GAS FLOW PROPORTIONAL COUNTING... 

A Comparison of Analytical Methods for Screening Gross Alpha and Beta Radioactivity... 

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