Best practice for cold-setting processes

Phenolic The temperature of the sand is kept as constant as possible, i.e. at around 15 °C - 25 °C, which is low enough in order to prevent emissions caused by evaporation. Direct contact between the resin and catalyst has to be avoided as the reaction is exothermic 

Polyurethane (phenolic isocyanate) The sand temperature is kept between 15 and 25 C, to maintain process control and to minimise emissions. Best practice is to work with three pumps and to mix the catalyst and the phenolic resin with isocyanate and sand directly in the mixer [202, TWG, 2002] 

Resol - ester (Alkaline phenolic ester hardened) The temperature of the sand is controlled and kept at an optimal level of 15-35 C. The process is less sensitive to temperature fluctuations than other self-hardened systems. The velocity of hardening is managed by the choice of the hardener type [225, TWG, 2003] 

Ester silicate The sand temperature is controlled within the range 15-25 C. As moulds and cores pick-up moisture, they need to be used as quickly as possible after achieving full strength. Prolonged storage can only be done in dry conditions. 

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