Benzoic acid and derivatives

When moderately powerful electron-withdrawing groups (e.g. chlorine or fluorine ) are present, the reaction required forcing conditions (e.g. 120-130 °C, 3-8 hours). 

4-Dichlorobenzoic acid reacted with chlorosulfonic acid (140 °C, 8 hours) to yield the 5-sulfonyl chloride (60%). With benzoic acids substituted with 

So that sulfonation may occur either o or p with respect to the electron-donating methyl group. When the substrate 276 was treated with excess reagent (four equivalents, 150 °C, 2 hours), the product was a sulfonyl chloride (76%) which on the basis of NMR spectroscopic evidence was concluded to be the 2-sulfonyl chloride 277 rather than the 4-isomer 278. The formation of 277 may be favoured by stabilization due to intramolecular hydrogen bonding which is not possible in the alternative structure 278. 

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Nitrobenzoic Acid. See under Benzoic Acid and Derivatives in Vol 2, B69-Rff... 

Azido and azides of benzoic acid and derivs 2B69-B71... 

Briefly, these four scales may be characterized as follows. The cr scale gives a measure of the charge transfer abilities of substituents attached to an unperturbed -system ctr(BA) values often are used for benzoic acids and derivatives. The range of values for these two scales is less than that for cjr(A) and o%. The ctr(A) and aR scales usually apply to series where through-conjugation is possible with a reaction center that is electron rich or poor, respectively.54... 

Azido and Azides of Benzoic Acid and Derivatives Azidobenzoic Acid (called Azido- or Triazo-benz-oesaure in Ger), N3.CgH4CC>2H mw 163.12, N 25-76%. The 2-Azido, ndis(from w), mp I46°(dec) 3-Azido, Ifts, mp 159-160° and the 4-Azido deriv, lfts, mp 145°(dec)(Ref 2) are described in the iit-erature(Ref 1)... 

See under Hydroxy benzoic Acid and Derivatives in this Vol... 

Lutski directed attention to the H bond in simpler molecules by proposing that the influence of ethanol solvent on the UV spectrum of an orthoh.y6.voxy keto- or nitro aromatic provides a criterion for an j n/ramolecular H bond (1287, 1285). Brieglieb and Strohmeier were able to detect the influence of H bonded dimer formation on the spectra of acetic acid vapor at different temperatures (near 2100 A) (279). There have followed many valuable studies directed at the effect of H bonding on the electronic transitions of acids such as phenols, aniline (1483, 1481, 2056), benzoic acid and derivatives (2076, 1998, 671, 190), acetanilides (2075, 2074), HF (1771, 1770), naphthols (1479, 1484), sulfinic acids (521), and amides (1436). The most extensive work, that of Nagakura, Baba, and co-workers, is of particular importance because it led to theoretical consideration of the nature of the H bond (see Section 8.3.2). (See adso 2056,. 1418, 1850.)... 

CYP53 Benzoic acid (and derivatives) hydroxylation and trimethoxy-trans-stilbene 0-demethylation Benzoate and its derivatives degrada-tion/detoxification and synthesis of stilbene derivatives A. niger,A. nidulans, Cochliobolus luna-tus, P. chrysosporium and Postia placenta [502, 827 830]... 

Maki, T. and Takeda, K., 1999. Benzoic acid and derivatives In Ullmanns Encyclopaedia of Industrial Chemistry, 6th edn., VCH Publishers, Weinhetm... 

With aromatic carboxylates With benzoic acid and derivatives mth benzoic acid CU2(C H5 C00)4 4CH3OH room 1.40 Gouy 71P27... 

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