Benthic foraminifera example

Mackensen, A. BICKERT, T. 1999. Stable carbon isotopes in benthic foraminifera proxies for deep and bottom water circulation and new production. In-. Fischer, G. Wefer, G. (eds) Use of Proxies in Paleoceanograpy Examples from the South Atlantic. Springer-Verlag, Berlin Heidelberg, 229-254. 

Discrepancies between the observed B WTs recorded during the collection of the mostly live benthic foraminiferal specimens and predicted BWTs (calculated using equations 6 and 7) point to the possibility that a seasonal isotope effect influences the S Oforam values of benthic foraminifera in Loch Sunart (Fig. 7). In particular, the similarity of the predicted BWT for samples collected in April to the observed BWT of samples collected in June/July suggests that live tests collected in the cool BWTs of April actually calcified during the warmer BWTs of the previous summer (Fig. 7). For example, the measured 8 Oforam of C. lobatulus collected from a BWT of 7.88 °C in April, 2001, 3delds a predicted BWT of 13.45 °C and is similar to the... 

There is too much detail in the many local examples to discuss here, but there is little doubt that many coastal embayments proximate to big cities have elevated metal levels, and that an understanding of the consequences of this pollution is still being developed. Unfortunately, proper measurement capabilities did not exist until the past two decades, so there is usually no direct evidence for the degree of enhancement of dissolved metals relative to preindustrial times. One exception to this situation is in San Francisco Bay, where the anthropogenic enhancement of dissolved cadmium has been documented by measuring the Cd content of benthic foraminifera. 

The report edited by Barrett (1989) also contains a section in which the fossils of the CIROS-1 core are described. For example, Webb (1989) recovered 62 species of calcareous and agglutinated benthic foraminifera. Webb (1989) also integrated the sediment stratigraphies... 

In the present ocean calcium carbonate formation is dominated by pelagic plants (coccolithophores) and animals (foraminifera, pteropods, and heteropods). Examples are presented in Figure 4.13. Although benthic organisms are important in shoal water sediments, and for dating and geochemical studies in the deep sea sediments, they constitute only a minor portion of the calcium carbonate removed from deep seawater. Shoal water carbonates are discussed in detail in Chapter 5. 

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