Bending device

It seems that the right setting of the cross axes setting practically can compensate the deflection of the rolls due to the nip forces. A compensation of roll deflection can also be achieved by means of outer roll bending devices, which is depicted in Figure 35.42. An additional counterdirected bending force is applied on the outer ends of the rolls. 

An increasingly important tool to determine the strain-induced anisotropy is MOKE (magneto-optical Kerr effect). In section 2 we mentioned already the calculations by Freeman et al. (1999). Experimentally, e.g. Ali and Watts (1999) (see also references therein) apply a bending device to induce strains in a controlled way, and determine the (local) curvature and the strains by optical interferometry or by direct measurement (stylus). The properties of the substrate are incorporated in a finite-element modelling calculation, thus allowing an absolute determination of the film properties. Compare also Stobiecki et al. (2000), who studied the strain induced anisotropy in FeB/Cu/FeB trilayers, using Kerr magnetometry (MOKE). 

Figure I. Instron syringe flange bending device...

Due to the elastomer bearing of the specimen in the four-point-bending device like shown in Fig. 1, clamping failures can be reduced to a mini-... 

The heat distortion temperature (HDT) is standardized in ISO 75 1-3. Here the test specimens are loaded in a flatwise three point bending device. The heating rate is 120 K h . Plastics and ebonite are loaded with a maximum flexural stress of 1.8 MPa (procedure A), 0.45 MPa (procedure B) or 8 MPa (procedure C). The specimens dimension is 80 x 10 x4 mm, the support span is 64 mm (Fig. 3.5). 

Figure 7.5 Atwo-point bending device on trapezoidal specimens. (Courtesy of Cooper Research Technology Ltd.)...

Figure 7.7 A four-point bending main part for the four-point bending device on prismatic specimens.

M. Toda, Vbitage-induoed large amplitude bending device—PVF2 bitnoiph—Its properties, Ferroelectrics 32 121 (1984). 

Figure 5.34. Optical micrograph (left) and bright field TEM image (right) of PHIC on a bend device, taken from the same region of the same specimen. (From Martin [173], (2002) Elsevier used with permission.)...

After irradiation, some samples were immediately analyzed, whereas others were exposed to accelerated aging condition of 60°C in a forced air oven. Films were analyzed by transmission FTIR, derivitization FTIR and esr spectroscopy and test strips by an instrumented bend test as described previously (6). Bend failure was taken as the time at 60°C at which a sample failed when bent through a 100 angle about a 1.5 mm pin in a hinge-based, 3 point bend device driven by an Instron Tensile Tester. The resolution of transmission IR was extended by the use of carefully selected derivatization reactions which allowed the identification and quantification of alcohol and specific hydroperoxide groups (after NO reaction) and ketone and carboxylic acids (after SF reaction). 

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