Belleville washer

Belleville washers Bell furnace Bellodgia Bellows... 

Belleville washers (shallowly curved washers whose spring constant varies with load because the geometry changes with deformation)... 

In addition to the circuit breaker, there have been a number of other SMA applications for various functions in electric power generation (qv), distribution, and transmission systems. One such device is a thermal indicator that provides a signal visible from the ground of a hot junction or connector in a distribution yard. Such hot spots occur as a result of the loosening of bus bar connectors owing to cyclic temperature as the electric load varies. In addition to the use of SMA flags as a hot-spot indicators, actuators that automatically maintain the contact force in a bus bar connection have been demonstrated. Based on a Belleville washer fabricated from a Cu—Al—Ni SMA trained to exhibit two-way memory, these washers, when heated by a hot joint, increase their force output and correct the condition. A 30 mm diameter washer 3 mm thick can produce a force of over 4000 N. Similar in purpose... 

Question by J. H. Fretwell, Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory Has consideration been given to sustaining the loading on the seals at decreasing temperature with springs or Belleville washer ... 

An easier way to maintain a preload is to determine first how much, if any, is needed. In this example there was no option to change the fastening system, but in less-demanding applications, where little force is required to obtain continuity, such alternatives as downsized bolts, Belleville washers, and locking treaded fasteners may be the best way. 

A number of advanced concepts for IPV Ni-Hj cells are being used to improve cycle life at deep DOD mitigating failure modes commonly found in Ni-H2 cells. They include (1) the use of alternative methods for recombination (tot is, the catalyzed wall wick), (2) the use of serrated-edge separators to facilitate the movement of gas within the stack while maintaining physical contact with the cell wall, (3) the incorporation of Belleville washers to yield an expandable stack capable of accommodating some of the nickel electrode expansion that is known to occur with cycling, and (4) the use of lower KOH concentrations to improve cycle life. 

The Belleville washer acts as a spring, allowing further compression to accommodate any plate expansion during cycling. 

When a very small axial spaee is available, belleville springs, finger washers, or curved washers may be used. 

The high-pressure optical cell is comprised of a Monel 400 body, gold or teflon O-rings, and CaF2 or sapphire windows. The two windows are secured using an opposed force-type seal incorporating Belleville spring washers. The cell is essentially leak-free at pressures up to 3000 psia ( -200 atm). 

Belleville spring—A curved, springy piece of steel or plastic, mostly circular, sometimes with a center hole used as a spring tension washer or, arranged to flip over, as a driving force on the percussion primer of an AP (antipersonnel) mine or for other uses of mechanical force. 

Answer by author We have made afewtests utilizing washer-shaped springs similar to the Belleville type. These tests were disappointing, but not conclusive. We hope to make some more careful studies of this possibility during the coming year. 

The new Belleville-type cushion washers (Fig. 78) have proved quite effective in eliminating the sudden stop of the gripper at the end of its travel which caused the rod to slip a small amount,... 

---