Bell-metal

Alloys of tin are very important. Soft solder, type metal, fusible metal, pewter, bronze, bell metal. Babbitt metal. White metal, die casting alloy, and phosphor bronze are some of the... 

Glocken-giesser, m. bell founder, -gut, -metall, n., -speise, /. bell metal, -trichter, m. bell fimnel (as on a thistle tube), -verfahren, n. bell process, bell method, -wischer, m. bell-type scrubber. 

The effect of different ions upon the titration is similar to that given under iron(III) (Section 17.57). Iron(III) interferes (small amounts may be precipitated with sodium fluoride solution) tin(IV) should be masked with 20 per cent aqueous tartaric acid solution. The procedure may be employed for the determination of copper in brass, bronze, and bell metal without any previous separations except the removal of insoluble lead sulphate when present. 

MINEEALS OF TIN.—Tin is found almost invariably in the form of biDoxido of tin or tin-stone, and in some instances associated with iron and copper pyrites, forming what is called tin pyrites or bell-metal ore, but the quantity so existing is very small. 

The strength of a bronze increases with the tin content however, its toughness and malleability decreases. The maximum strength of bronze occurs at ca. 30% Sn, but at this concentration the alloy is much too brittle for most applications due to the formation of CuaSn particles. Recall that this phenomenon also occurred for the formation of Fe3C in iron-carbon alloys - also involving a transition metal and Group 14 dopant. If more than 15% Sn is used, the alloy is called bell metal, due to its resonating sound when tolled. 

Copper fused with white lead. Manufactured bell-metal. 

C. F. Bell. Metal Chelation, Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1977... 

THn plates are thin sheets of Fe, coated with Sn. Tin foil consists of thin laminae of Sn, frequently alloyed with Pb. Copper and iron vessels are tinnml, after brightening, by contact with molten Sn. Pewter, bronze, bell metal, gun meUd, britannia metal, speculum metal, type metal, solder, and fusible metal contain So. 

Bronze is composed of about 90 parts of copper to 10 of tin bell-metal and gong-metal, of 80 parts of copper to 20 of tin. Speculum metal, for telescopes, is formed of 2 parts of copper and 1 of tin, with a little arsenic. 

Tin has three crystalline modifications or allotropes, a-tin or gray tin (diamond structure), P-tin or white tin , and y-tin the latter two are metallic with close packed structures. Tin also has several isotopes. It is used in a large number of alloys including Babbit metal, bell metal, Britannia metal, bronze, gun metal, and pewter as well as several special solders. 

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