Becker, Howard

Batsanov AS, Bryce MR, Chesney A, Howard JAK, John DE, Moore AJ, Wood CL, Gershtenman H, Becker JY, Khodorkovsky VY, Ellern A, Bernstein J, Perepichka IF, Rotello V, Gray M, Cuello AO (2001) J Mater Chem 11 2181... 

As Howard Becker describes it, commitments are rarely made consciously and definitively at a given moment in time. Rather, they are usually the result of a series of in-... 

Oxidation rate constant k, for gas-phase second order rate constants, k0H for reaction with OH radical, kN03 with N03 radical and kQ3 with 03 or as indicated data at other temperatures see reference photooxidation tA = 125 d to 22 yr in water, based on measured rate constant for reaction with hydroxyl radical in water (Dorfman Adams 1973 Anbar Neta 1967 quoted, Howard et al. 1991) k 360 Mr1 Ir1 for singlet oxygen, k 1.0 M-1 Ir1 for peroxy radical at 25°C (Mabey et al. 1982) k = (0.09 0.02) 1VP1 s-1 for 5-10 mM to react with ozone in water using 50-1000 mM of f-BuOH as scavenger at pH 2 and 20-23°C (Hoignd Bader 1983) koe(obs.) = 0.15 x 10-12 cm3 molecule-1 s-1 at 296 K (Becker et al. 1984 quoted, Carlier et al. 1986) koe = 0.21 x 10-12 cm3 molecule-1 s-1 at room temp. (Zetzsch 1982)... 

Soil t,/2 = 252-2160 h, based on aerobic soil die-away test data (Anderson Domsch 1976 Smith 1970 quoted, Howard et al. 1991 Montgomery 1993) t,/2 = 30 d (Hartley Kidd 1987 quoted, Montgomery 1993) selected field t,/2 = 30 d (Augustijn-Beckers et al. 1994 Hornsby et al. 1996). 

Walton, John. 1992. Making the theoretical case. In What Is a Case , edited by Charles C. Ragin and Howard S. Becker, 121-37. New York Cambridge University Press. 

It is important to note, however, that deviance is not, as it is often erroneously believed, a defect exhibited by, or contained in the personality of, an individual actor (and hence frequently attributed to bodily or mental illness) it is, instead, an inevitable consequence, and indeed an integral part, of the construction of social compacts or groups. Sociologists of deviance understand this well. For example, Howard S. Becker writes that social groups create deviance by making rules whose infraction constitutes deviance, and by applying those rules to particular people and labeling them as outsiders. From this point of view, deviance is not a quality of the act the person commits, but rather a consequence of the application by... 

Isotopes are frequently used in attempts to correlate spectra with structure. For instance, substitution has been employed by a number of investigators (Pinchas et al, 1961 Becker et al, 1963 and Karabatsos, 1960). An example of its application is the synthesis by Howard and Miles (1964) of inosine specifically labeled with 0 as an aid in interpreting the band at 1673cm in inosine-6- 0. Spencer (1959) has used water containing 8.7 atom % excess of to investigate the mode of action of an arylsulfatase. (For details of these investigations, see Chapter 15.)... 

EDWARD M. ARNETT, Duke University, Chair W. EMMETT BARKLEY, Howard Hughes Medical Institute PETER BEAK, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign EDWIN D. BECKER, National Institutes of Health HENRY E. BRYNDZA, E.I. du Pont de Nemours Co. 

Howard S. Becker, Outsiders Studies in the Sociology of Deviance (New York Free Press, 1963), Chaps 7 and 8. 

Howard S. Becker (Ed.), Social Problems A Modern Approach (New York John Wiley, 1966). 

The notion of a hierarchy of credibility in regard to deviance is suggested by Howard S. Becker in his paper Whose Side Are We On , Social Problems 14 (Winter 1967), pp. 239-67. 

Howard Becker, German Youth Bond or Free (London Kegan Paul, 1946), p. 147. 

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