Battle of the Atlantic

John Buckley, The RAF and Trade Defence 1919-45 Constant Endeavour (Keele University Press, 1995), esp. pp. 97, 101-6, 128-30, 166-8 John Buckley, Air power and the Battle of the Atlantic , Journal of Contemporary History, 28 (1993), 141-61 ... 

Gardner, W.J. R., Decoding History The Battle of the Atlantic and Ultra (Basingstoke Macmillan, 1999). 

Kingdom. The Battle of the Atlantic was to remain the first charge on resources. ... 

Milner, Marc, The Battle of the Atlantic , in Gooch (ed.). Decisive Campaigns of the Second World War (1990), pp. 45-66. 

De Leenheer, Lien Wong, Melissa. 2000. Battle of the Atlantic U.S. Private Equity Groups Invasion of Europe. Journal of Private Equity, vol. 3, no. 3 (Summer) pp. 15-26. 

The submarine telephone cable application was the justification for the commercial PE plant, but in fact—with the outbreak of World War 2 in 1939—almost all the 4000 t of PE produced between 1939 and 1945 was used to insulate high-frequency radar cables. Commercial distribution of PE in the UK was suspended, secrecy was imposed, whilst PE was used to produce insulation for the coaxial cables of radar sets. Airborne radar, possible because of the compact cables available now with PE insulation, proved to be a critical advantage in the Battle of Britain and the Battle of the Atlantic, helping British supply ships to avoid German submarines. German Admiral Karl Donitz told Adolf Hitler in May 1943 What is now decisive is that enemy aircraft have been equipped with a new location apparatus. .. which enables them to detect submarines and to attack them unexpectedly in low cloud, bad visibility or at night [10]. 

The 1940 Battle of the North Atlantic is about to begin. The German submarine fleet, under the command of sinister Admiral von Dietrich, consists of 200 U-boats at the beginning of the battle. The British destroyer fleet, under the command of heroic Admiral Steadman (a direct descendant of the intelligence officer responsible for the British victory at the Battle of Trafalgar), consists of 150 ships at the beginning of the battle. The rate of destruction of submarines by destroyers is equal to the rate of destruction of destroyers by submarines 0.25 ships/week/ship. 

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