Batch separations, process design

Jones, A.G., 1984. The Design of Well-Mixed Batch Crystallizers. SPS DR17. (Harwell/ Warren Spring Separation Processes Service), 40pp. 

Because of the wide availability of chlor-alkali technology, it was decided to tender for fixed-price contracts for engineering, procurement and construction of the two chlor-alkali plants. The other areas - namely Outside Battery Limits for both plants and the chlor-paraffin plant in Melbourne - were managed by Orica under separate contracts. The chlor-paraffin plant process design (batch chlorination of paraffin oil and wax) was carried out in-house by Orica. 

This chapter introduces the reader to elementary concepts of modeling, generic formulations for nonlinear and mixed integer optimization models, and provides some illustrative applications. Section 1.1 presents the definition and key elements of mathematical models and discusses the characteristics of optimization models. Section 1.2 outlines the mathematical structure of nonlinear and mixed integer optimization problems which represent the primary focus in this book. Section 1.3 illustrates applications of nonlinear and mixed integer optimization that arise in chemical process design of separation systems, batch process operations, and facility location/allocation problems of operations research. Finally, section 1.4 provides an outline of the three main parts of this book. 

Process synthesis and design of these non-conventional distillation processes proceed in two steps. The first step—process synthesis—is the selection of one or more candidate entrainers along with the computation of thermodynamic properties like residue curve maps that help assess many column features such as the adequate column configuration and the corresponding product cuts sequence. The second step—process design—involves the search for optimal values of batch distillation parameters such as the entrainer amount, reflux ratio, boiler duty and number of stages. The complexity of the second step depends on the solutions obtained at the previous level, because efficiency in azeotropic and extractive distillation is largely determined by the mixture thermodynamic properties that are closely linked to the nature of the entrainer. Hence, we have established a complete set of rules for the selection of feasible entrainers for the separation of non ideal mixtures... 

Most commercial bioreactions are carried out in batch reactors. The design of a continuous bioreactor is desired since it may prove to be more economically rewarding than batch processes. Most desirable is a reactor that can sustain cells that are suspended in the reactor while growth medium is fed in, without allowing the cells to exit the reactor. Focus mixing modeling, separations, bioprocess kinetics, reactor design. 

Jupke, A., Epping, A., Schmidt-Traub, H. Optimal Design of Batch and SMB Chromatographic Separation Processes, J. Chromatogr. A, 2002, 944, 93-117. 

In the second area, a purified compound is needed to obtain a final product, and the cost of the production of the compoxmd is an important cost factor that will have to be minimized. The production will last a significant period of time, whether it is continuous or by batches rrm periodically, and the operation is relatively routine. The cost components, equipment, solvent, packing material, crude feed, and downstream processing become prominent and must be taken into account together. Then significant investment in the design of the separation process is required for a careful optimization of the experimental conditions. Optimization procedures are discussed in Chapter 18. 

Barakat, T.M.M., and Sorensen, E. (2008), Simultaneous optimal synthesis, design and operation of batch and continuous hybrid separation processes, Chemical Engineering Research Design, 86(3) 279-298. 

For it to be useful, we need to couple Pick s law with mass balances. The first case considered is steady-state diffusion with no convection in the direction of diffusion. This is an inportant practical case for measuring diffusion coefficients, studying steady-state evaporation and steady-state permeation of gases and liquids in membranes, and in design of distillation and some other separation processes. The second case we consider is unsteady diffusion with no convection in the direction of diffusion, which is of practical significance in controlled-release drug delivery and in some batch reactors and separation processes. 

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