Batch paste mixer

Conventional mechanical mixers are batch type. The major types of mechanical mixers are the pony mixer, the muUer, or the vertical muller (Figure 7.11). The batch paste mixer contains three major components the paste tank, mixing system, and cooling system. 

Pastes. For blending of viscous pastes, mixers are classified as batch or continuous. Most convection-type mixers for dry soHds are also used for thick pastes. 

Paste Mixing. The active materials for both positive and negative plates are made from the identical base materials. Lead oxide, fibers, water, and a dilute solution of sulfuric acid are combined in an agitated batch mixer or reactor to form a pastelike mixture of lead sulfates, the normal, tribasic, and tetrabasic sulfates, plus PbO, water, and free lead. The positive and negative pastes differ only in additives to the base mixture. Organic expanders, barium sulfate [7727-43-7] BaSO carbon, and occasionally mineral oil are added to the negative paste. Red lead [1314-41 -6] or minium, Pb O, is sometimes added to the positive mix. The paste for both electrodes is characterized by cube weight or density, penetration, and raw plate density. 

For the batch mixing of viscous pastes and doughs using ribbon impellers and Z-blade mixers, the tanks may be mounted horizontally. In such units, the working volume of pastes and doughs is often relatively small, and the mixing blades are massive in construction. 

Figure 10.15. Some mixers and blenders for powders and pastes, (a) Ribbon blender for powders, (b) Flow pattern in a double cone blender rotating on a horizontal axis, (c) Twin shell (Vee-type) agglomerate breaking and liquid injection are shown on the broken line, (d) Twin rotor available with jacket and hollow screws for heat transfer, (e) Batch muller. (f) Twin mullers operated continuously, (g) Double-arm mixer and kneader (Baker-Perkins Inc.), (h) Some types of blades for the double-arm kneader (Baker—Perkins Irtc.).

Double- and Triple-Shaft Mixers The planetary mixer is an example of a double shaft mixer. However, many different combinations of mixing actions can be achieved with multi-shaft mixers. One variation on planetary motion involves replacing one anchor-style impeller with a high-shear impeller similar to the one shown in Fig. 18-47. The high-shear mixer can be used to incorporate powdered material effectively or create a stable emulsion leading to a final batch of viscous paste or fluid. 

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