Hydrogenation processes batch

Stirred-slurry reactors are of considerable industrial importance in batch-wise processing. The catalytic hydrogenation of fats and fatty acids is an example of a process that is carried out almost exclusively in mechanically stirred slurry reactors. The operation is of less significance with respect to continuous processing. 

The technical feasibility of a relatively low-pressure (less than 1000 psig) and low-temperature (less than 100°C) process for the hydrogenation of depolymerized (ammonolysis) Nylon-6,6 and/or a blend of Nylon-6 and -6,6 products has been described. While Raney Co 2724 showed little or no sign of deactivation during the semi-batch hydrogenation of the ammonolysis products, before and after C02 and NH3 removal, Raney Ni 2400 showed signs of deactivation even in the presence of caustic. Raney Co 2724 proved to be an effective and robust catalyst in a continuous stirred tank reactor study. 

The depolymerized Nylon used in the hydrogenation process was obtained by the ammonolysis of a mixture of Nylon-6 and Nylon-6,6 (described elsewhere, see reference 2). Hydrogenation reactions were conducted in 300 cc stirred pressure vessels. For semi-batch reactions hydrogen was constantly replenished to the reactor from a 1L reservoir to maintain a reactor pressure of 500 psig and all of the reactions were conducted with the same operating parameters and protocol. In continuous stirred tank studies hydrogen flow was controlled using... 

Batch esterification, 10 478—480 Batch experimental reactor, 21 352 Batch extraction, 10 756 Batch extractor, holdup in, 10 764 Batch fermentation, 10 267 Batch filter cycles, 11 344, 345-346 Batch furnaces, 12 288—289 Batch gasoline blending, 12 413 Batch hydrogenation, 10 811 Batching, ceramics processing, 5 648 Batch injection analysis (BLA) technique, 9 586-587... 

Hydrogenation in a slurry reactor. The batch hydrogenation of Example 22.2 takes just about an hour to run. Let us suppose that in practical operations we can run eight batches of fluid per day in this unit. Thus, in the long run a batch of fluid is processed every three hours. 

Figure 17.17. Examples of reactors for specific liquid-gas processes, (a) Trickle reactor for synthesis of butinediol 1.5 m dia by 18 m high, (b) Nitrogen oxide absorption in packed columns, (c) Continuous hydrogenation of fats, (d) Stirred tank reactor for batch hydrogenation of fats, (e) Nitrogen oxide absorption in a plate column, (f) A thin film reactor for making dodecylbenzene sulfonate with S03. (g) Stirred tank reactor for the hydrogenation of caprolactam, (h) Tubular reactor for making adiponitrile from adipic acid in the presence of phosphoric acid.

HyL Process. This batch-cyclic process reduces rich lump-iron ores by Mowing a reducing gas in a lixed-bed reactor. Die reducing gas may be prepared by steam reforming of natural gas or other hydrocarbons. A typical reducing gas may contain 74 hydrogen, 13 k carbon mnnoxide. 

Hydrogen peroxide is synthesized commercially by the reduction of anthra-quinone with hydrogen and the subsequent oxidation of the dihydroanthra-quinone with molecular oxygen. This reaction is typically carried out in a batch multiphase process (organic, water, gas phase) in organic solvents,... 

Eventually, there is an essential difference between batch distillation processes and column distillation processes. Whilst in most adiabatic column distillation processes Stefan fluxes are usually very small (unless inert gases are present, as in hydrogenation or oxidation processes), the batch distillation process just lives from... 

Lin, C. Y., and Jo, C. H. 2003. Hydrogen production from sucrose using an anaerobic sequencing batch reactor process./. Chem. Technol. Biotechnol., 78, 678-684. 

Hydrogenation is the most widely used and practical method of preparing fats and oils capable of imparting essential physical and functional properties to shortening. It is presently used to modify and stabilize marine, animal, and all types of vegetable oils. An excellent synopsis of batch and continuous hydrogenation processes is presented by Edvardsson and Irandoust (12). 

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