BAT Values

MAK and BAT Values, 1999. Commission for the Investigation of Health Hazards of Chemical Compounds in the Work Area, Report No. 35. Federal Republic of Germany Wiley. 

Deutsches Forschungsgemeinschaft (1999) List ofMAK and BAT Values 1999 (Report No. 35), Weinheim, Wiley-VCH, p. 51... 

Department of Health and Human Services (1999) Report on Carcinogens, 8th Ed., Research Triangle Park, National Toxicology Program, pp. 80-81 Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (1999) List ofMAK and BAT Values 1999 (Report No. 35), Weinheim, Wiley-VCH, pp. 41, 113... 

In addition to MAK values, which are for healthy persons capable of earning a normal living, the DFG publication20 includes so-called BAT values (biological tolerance limits) for substances which show additional biological effects. These define maximum concentrations of a substance, or its metabolites, normally in the blood or urine of an employee. Only one fluorinated chemical was included in 1997. 2-bromo-2-chloro-l,l,l-trifluoroethane = Halo-thane, CAS-No. 151-67-7, with a BAT value for trifluoroacetic acid (its toxic metabolite) of 25 mg - L 1 in human blood determined after exposure/shift. 

Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (1998) List of MAK and BAT Values 1998 (Report No. 34), Weinheim, Wiley-VCH Publishers, pp. 40. Ill... 

DFG (Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft). 1997. List of MAK and BAT Values 1997. Maximum Concentrations and Biological Tolerance Values at the Workplace. Report No. 33.1st Ed. Weinheim Wiley-VCH. 

Deutsche Forschimgsgemeinschaft (2006). MAK (Maximale Arheitsplatzkonzentration - Maximum workplace concentration). List of MAK and BAT Values, Report No. 42, p. 101. 

Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (2004) Biological Tolerance Values. List ofMAK and BAT Values, pp. 189-197. Weinheim, Germany Wiley-VCH. 

The BAT value is defined as the maximum permissible quantity of a chemical substance or its metabolites, or the maximum permissible deviation from the norm of biological parameters induced by these substances in exposed humans. The BAT value is established on the basis of currently available scientific data ivhich indicate that these concentrations generally do not affect the health of the employee adversely, even when they are attained regularly under work place conditions (DFG 1983-2002). 

As with MAK values, BAT values are established on the assumption that persons are exposed at work for at most 8 h daily and 40 h weekly. BAT values established on this basis may also be applied without the use of correction factors to other patterns of working hours. BAT values can be defined as concentrations or rates of formation or excretion (quantity per unit time). BAT values are conceived as ceiling values for healthy individuals. They are generally established for blood and/or urine and take into account the effects of the substances and an appropriate safety margin, being based on occupational medical and toxicological criteria for the prevention of adverse effects on health. 

List of MAK (Maximum Concentrations at the Workplace) and BAT values. Report No. 38. Wiley-VCH, Weinheim. 

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