Basic Principles of Capillary Electrophoresis

Miceller Electrokinetic Chromatography (MEKC) This mode of CE is a 

Capillary Gel Electrophoresis (CGE) This mode of CE is used to separate macromolecules on the basis of their size difference in porous gels (e.g., polyacrylamide gel), which behave as molecular sieves. The capillary is filled with a gel and a suitable buffer. The macromolecules, such as DNA and proteins, migrate in the gel and buffer-filled capillary, and separation occurs by the combined effect of molecular sieving and electrophoretic mobility. 

Capillary Isotachophoresis CIT is a moving-boundary technique. The sample is sandwiched between a leading electrolyte with mobility higher than any of the sample components, and a terminating electrolyte with mobility lower than any of the sample components. Upon application of the electrical field, the sample ions are separated into bands according to their electrophoretic mobility. Once the band is formed, all ions that are separated migrate at the same velocity. 

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Capillary Electrochromatography. Capillary electrochromatography (CEC) is a hybrid technique that works on the basic principles of capillary electrophoresis and chromatography [41], This mode of chromatography is used on either packed or tubular capillaries/columns. The packed column approach was introduced by Pretorius et al. [60] in 1974, while open tubular CEC was presented by Tsuda et al. [61] a decade later. In 1984 Terabe et al. [62] introduced another modification in liquid chromatography, micellar electrokinetic capillary... 

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