Hormones barbiturates

A large number of hormones and drugs which find their abundant usage in a bad way, namely cortisol (17-hydroxycorticosterone or hydrocortisone), insulin, morphine, barbiturates (sedatives), vitamin B12, digoxin and human growth hormones, such as somatotropin (elaborated in the placenta),... 

Some of these individuals are incorrectly diagnosed and placed in psychiatric institutions. Episodes may be induced by hormonal changes and by many drugs, including barbiturates. 

Rifampin is known to induce the hepatic microsomal enzymes that metabolize various drugs such as acetaminophen, oral anticoagulants, barbiturates, benzodiazepines, beta blockers, chloramphenicol, clofibrate, oral contraceptives, corticosteroids, cyclosporine, disopyramide, estrogens, hydantoins, mexiletine, quinidine, sulfones, sulfonylureas, theophyllines, tocainide, verapamil, digoxin, enalapril, morphine, nifedipine, ondansetron, progestins, protease inhibitors, buspirone, delavirdine, doxycycline, fluoroquinolones, losartan, macrolides, sulfonylureas, tacrolimus, thyroid hormones, TCAs, zolpidem, zidovudine, and ketoconazole. The therapeutic effects of these drugs may be decreased. 

Majewska MD, Harrison NL, Schwartz RD, Barker JL, Paul SM (1986) Steroid hormone metabolites are barbiturate-like modulators of the GABA receptor. Science 232 1004-1007... 

The barbiturate type, the clofibrate type, the polycyclic hydrocarbon type, the steroid hormone type, and alcohol/acetone/isoniazid type. For example, the polycyclic hydrocarbon type act through a receptor. The barbiturate type increase liver blood flow. 

THYROID HORMONES ANTIEPILEPTICS-BARBITURATES, CARBA-MAZEPINE, PHENYTOIN 1 levothyroxine levels Induction of metabolism Monitor TFTs regularly and consider T dose of levothyroxine... 

Tablets (e.g., quinapril hydrochloride) Capsules (e.g., pancrease) Oral suspensions (e.g., cefuroxime axetil) Injectables (e.g., coumadin) Sterile powders (e.g., cefoxitin) Topicals (e.g., zinc oxide powder) Anti-infectives (e.g., erythromycin ethyl succinate) Anti-coagulants (e.g., warfarin sodium) Anti-asthmatics (e.g., montelukast sodium) Anti-psychotics and anxiolytics Hypnotics and anticonvulsants (e.g., barbiturates) Anti-hypertensives Anti-inflammatories (e.g., indomethacin) Analgesics (e.g., aspirin) Antacids (e.g., aluminum hydroxide) Diuretics Enzymes (e.g., pancreatin) Hormones...

There are metabolic differences between the sexes. Many barbiturates induce more prolonged sleep in female rats than in males. The shorter duration of action of hexobarbital in male rats is related to the higher activity of the liver microsomal enzymes stimulated by testosterone to hydroxylate this chemical. This higher activity can be reduced by castration or pretreatment with estrogen (female hormone). 

Inappropriate ADH secretion can occur in the presence of water overload and a decline in plasma Na+ concentration and osmolality. Fear, pain, and certain hormone-secreting tumors can cause inappropriate ADH secretion. It leads to hyponatremia and water retention. Morphine and barbiturates increase, and ethanol decreases, secretion of ADH. 

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