Bandwidth limiting

Amplifier bandwidth. The range of signal frequencies over which an amplifier is capable of undistorted or unattenuated transmission. An operational amplifier should transmit DC voltage accurately the upper (bandwidth) limit is defined as the 3-dB point (attenuation factor of two). Because bandwidth can vary with gain, the product of gain x bandwidth can be a more useful parameter. 

If a function y t) is bandwidth-limited to frequencies smaller than/, such as... 

As mentioned in the introduction, the ability to shape femtosecond laser pulses with unprecedented precision is the key to efficient control of photophysical and photochemical processes at the quantum level. In this section, we present the fundamentals of femtosecond pulse shaping and introduce specific pulse shapes that are used in the experiments and simulations presented in the following sections. We start with the electric field of a bandwidth-limited (BWL) femtosecond laser pulse written in terms of its positive frequency analytic signal... 

Hence, exactly as in the experimental approach (see, e.g., Ref. [8]) to laser-pulse shaping by phase tailoring, we started with an ultrashort bandwidth-limited pulse and then modulated the phases of the spectral components of the pulse. Hence, the phases were set to appropriate values at the discrete frequencies corresponding to the energy levels of V2. However, we did not succeed the duration of the experiment (from the onset of the pulse) always came out to be, at least, half a vibrational period on V2. 

Tunable operation with bandwidth-limited sub-10-fs pulses in the visible (550-700 nm) and near infrared (900-1300 nm) was also performed by changing the seed delay with respect to the pump after increasing the seed chirp [10]. The NOPA is one of most useful light sources for ultrafast spectroscopy in the present stage on an extremely short time scale. 

Overview of our new Ti—sapphire laser system, producing amplified bandwidth-limited ver a wide range of the visible spectrum. 

If it happens that the continuous sequence h(t) contains only a finite number of frequencies, that sequence is said to be bandwidth limited. This term is often... 

The matter of sampling and limited representation of frequencies requires a second look at the representation of data in the time and frequency domains, as well as the transformation between those domains. Specifically, we need to consider the Fourier transformation of bandwidth-limited, finite sequences of data so that the S/N enhancement and signal distortion of physically significant data can be explored. We begin with an evaluation of the effect of sampling, and the sampling theorem, on the range of frequencies at our disposal for some set of time-domain data. 

The SFM images (Fig. 43) show, that using a d.c. offset of-10.57 V and an excitation voltage of 4.4 V at 1 kHz, high currents in the ilA range can be measured. For this scenario, ceramics are ideal samples, because the low stiffness of the polymers makes it impossible to use excitation frequencies below the bandwidth limit of the constant-force feedback. The much stiffer ceramics permit one to perform measurements without cross-talk effects. Such cross-talk effects occur with soft polymer samples, due to a surface indentation by the tip, which is at virtual ground and so attracted by the back electrode under potential. 

The deviation of the practical device from the ideal response depends on the ratio d/w. We will perform an analysis of Eq. (93) that will allow us to estimate the bandwidth of the PTR. In particular, we will investigate the influence of phase and amplitude errors on the achievable level of performance. A high Q resonator will probably be the bandwidth-limiting component in a practical resonator. Nevertheless, it is an important... 

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