Viruses Balkan nephropathy

Draganescu N, Antipa C, Girjabu E, Melencu M. Endemic Balkan nephropathy, a slow virus disease Rev. Roum. Med.-Virol. 1983 ... 

Nastac E, Stoian M, Hozoc M, losipenco M, Melencu M. Further data on the prevalence of serum antibodies to papova viruses (BKand SV40) in subjects from the Romanian area with Balkan endemic nephropathy. Rev. Roum. Med.-Virol. 1984 35(1) 65-7. Radovanovic Z. Epidemiological evidence on Balkan nephropathy as a viral disease. Medical Hypotheses 1987 22 171-5. 

Georgescu L, Litvac B, Diosi P, Plavosin L, Herzog G. Viruses in endemic (Balkan) nephropathy. Lancet 1976 i 1086. 

Patients with a high consumption of analgesics like phenacetin have an elevated risk of developing TCC. Human papilloma virus as well as Balkan endemic nephropathy have also been suggested risk factors for TCC. In up to 5% of the cases, the patients present with bilateral TCC. Up to 13% of patients with TCC develop metastases in the upper urinary tract. 

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