Bacterial cell wall peptidoglycan derivative

IV-Acetylglucosamine and IV-Acetylmuraniic acid Sugar derivatives in the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. 

An additional bacterial component displaying appreciable adjuvanticity is the C. granulosum-derived p40 particulate fraction. p40 is composed of fragments of cell wall peptidoglycan and... 

Some proteins may contain derivatives of common amino acids, e.g. collagen contains 5-hydroxy-lysine (Figure 1.6). Some amino acids which do not occur in proteins may function in cellular metabolism, e.g. citrulline and ornithine (Section 16.5). D-Amino acids occur alongside L-amino acids in some peptide antibiotics, e.g. valinomycin and actinomycin D, and in the peptidoglycan of the bacterial cell wall (Figure 3.10b). 

Principles to stabilize lipid bilayers by polymerization have been outlined schematically in Fig. 4a-d. Mother Nature — unfamiliar with the radically initiated polymerization of unsaturated compounds — uses other methods to-stabilize biomembranes. Polypeptides and polysaccharide derivatives act as a type of net which supports the biomembrane. Typical examples are spectrin, located at the inner surface of the erythrocyte membrane, clathrin, which is the major constituent of the coat structure in coated vesicles, and murein (peptidoglycan) a macromolecule coating the bacterial membrane as a component of the cell wall. Is it possible to mimic Nature and stabilize synthetic lipid bilayers by coating the liposome with a polymeric network without any covalent linkage between the vesicle and the polymer One can imagine different ways for the coating of liposomes with a polymer. This is illustrated below in Fig. 53. 

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