Bacteria factors affecting

Henderson, L., Fedyk, J Bourner, C Windebank, S., Fletcher, S. and Lovell, W. (1994) Photomutagenicity assays in bacteria factors affecting assay design and assessment of photomutagenic potential of para-aminobenzoic acid. Mutagenesis,... 

Transgenic E. coli accumulate comparatively low levels of carotenoids " compared to microbial algae, yeasts, and bacteria. Many efforts ° have focused on increasing accumulation by manipulation of factors affecting metabolic flux and metabolite accnmnlation (listed and discnssed in Sections 5.3.1.1 and 5.3.1.3 A) and have been reviewed." - " In bacterial systems, approaches to control can be categorized as either infrastructural (plasmids, enzymes, strains) or ultrastructural (media and feeding, enviromnent, precursor pools, substrate flux). 

Another important factor affecting microbial activity is pH. Microorganisms that can grow under acidic (pH < 4) or alkaline (pH > 10) conditions are termed acidophiles or alkalophiles, respectively. Most bacteria, however, are neutrophiles. Neutrophiles can tolerate pH levels between 5 and 9, but their optimum growth is observed in a relatively narrow range around neutrality, i.e., between... 

Williams,T. L. Andrzejewski, D. Lay, J. O., Jr. Musser, S. M. Experimental factors affecting the quality and reproducibility of MALDI TOF mass spectra obtained from whole bacteria cells. J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom. 2003,14, 342-351. 

The same factors that cause variations in the shape of bacteria also affect their size. With few exceptions, young cells are much larger than old or mature forms. Cells of B. subtilis from a 4-hr. culture measure five to seven times longer than cells from a 24-hr. culture. Variations in width are less pronounced. The organism Corynebacterium diphtheriae is a notable exception to the rule of decreasing cell size with age. 

Collins Y.E., Stotzky G. Factors affecting the toxicity of heavy metals to microbes. In Metal Ions and Bacteria, Beveridge T.J, Doyle R.J., eds. New York, NY Wiley, 1989. 

It is the principal factor affecting the water activity of young cheeses and has a major effect on the growth and survival of bacteria and the activity of enzymes in cheese, and hence affects and controls the biochemistry of cheese ripening. 

Bushby, H.V.A. Marshall, K. C. (1977a). Some factors affecting the survival of root-nodule bacteria on desiccation. Soil Biology Biochemistry, 9, 143-7. 

A variety of factors affect the horizontal and vertical migration of PAHs, including contaminant volume and viscosity, temperature, land contour, plant cover, and soil composition (Morgan Watkinson, 1989)- Vertical movement occurs as a multiphase flow that will be controlled by soil chemistry and structure, pore size, and water content. For example, non-reactive small molecules (i.e., not PAHs) penetrate very rapidly through dry soils and migration is faster in clays than in loams due to the increased porosity of the clays. Once intercalated, however, sorbed PAHs are essentially immobilized. Mobility of oily hydrophobic substances can potentially be enhanced by the biosurfactant-production capability of bacteria (Zajic et al., 1974) but clear demonstrations of this effect are rare. This is discussed below in more detail (see Section 5 5). 

A freshly cleaned tooth surface quickly becomes coated with a thin pellicle of salivary proteins. This provides a surface for growth of dental plaque, which contains many bacteria and adhesive polysaccharides such as dextrans.1 The latter are generated from dietary sucrose by such bacteria as Streptococcus mutans. (Chapter 20) and others.131 Many factors affect the probability of tooth decay. 

Disinfectants are used in industrial establishments, hospitals, and homes to prevent infection. Common disinfectants can kill some fungi, lipid-containing viruses, gram-negative bacteria, and mycobacteria, but bacterial spores are resistant to disinfectants. Factors affecting the effectiveness of disinfectants are contact line, concentration, pH, and the presence of interfering substances such as lipids, rubber, or plastics. 

Air Conditioning is the branch of engineering devoted to the study of factors affecting both the physical and chemical conditions of the atmosphere within any structure. These factors include temp, humidity and motion, as well as distribution of dust, bacteria, odors and toxic gases. In air conditioning it is desirable that all factors be controlled but, if this is not feasible, at least the first three should be simultaneously controlled (see also Refrigeration and Ventillation)... 

Factors affecting H2 photoproduction by purple bacteria are described in this minireview. Based on comparison of maximum H2 photoproduction rates by suspension and immobilized cultures, it is concluded that immobilized culture is more attractive for application. Possibility for scaling up of photobioreactors with immobilized purple bacteria is discussed. 

Fig. 15.11 Factors affecting pH after a 10% glucose or sucrose mouth rinse. Dashed line indicates pH 7. Vectors 1 and 4 increase the pH vectors 2 and 3 decrease the pH. The short-chain carboxylic acids (SCCA) may be produced from amino acids along with ammonia, or from the catabolism of lactic acid (see text and also Fig. 1.8). (From Fig. 9 in Kleinberg I, 2002. A mixed-bacterial ecological approach to understanding the role of the oral bacteria in dental caries causation an alternative to Streptococcus mutans and the specific-plaque hypothesis. Crit Rev Oral Biol Med 13 108-125)...

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