B-starch

Fig. 3. XRD patterns of (a) pure starch and (b) starch -capped ZnSe nanoparticles.

Weuster-Botz, D., Aivasidis, A., and Wandrey, C., Continuous Ethanol Production by Zymomonas mobilis in a Fluidized Bed Reactor. Part II. Process Development for the Fermentation of Hydrolysed B-Starch without Sterilization, Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 39 685 (1993)... 

The recent reinvestigations showed that the doublehelices of A and B starch are packed in a parallel fashion. They are stabilized mainly by numerous van der Waals interactions and by hydrogen bonding. The important differences between the two structures lie in the amount of water present, and positioning of the helices to accomodate the different amounts of water. Under certain... 

Color Plate 12 Formation of Diffusion Layer During Electrolysis (Box 17-3) (a) Cu electrode (flat plate, left) and Pt electrode (mesh basket, right) immersed in solution containing KI and starch, with no electric current, (b) Starch-iodine complex forms at surface of Pt anode when current flows. 

Figure 5.4 X-ray powder diffractogram recorded for (a) A-type amylodextrins and (b) B-type amylodextrins grown as spherulites. X-ray fiber diffraction patterns (fiber axis vertical) for (c) A-amylose (fiber spacing 1.04 nm) and (d) B-amylose (fiber spacing 1.05 nm). (Reproduced with permission from references 30 and 31). Microcrystal of (e) A-starch and (f) B-starch observed by low dose electron microscopy. Inset the electron diffraction diagrams recorded under frozen wet conditions (e). (Reproduced with permission from references 32 and 34)...

Figure 5.6 (a) Molecular drawing for the double helix found in A and B starches. Each single strand of... 

While the major aim in industrial wheat starch production is to produce a refined grade of A-starch, the production of a purified B-starch may also have commercial significance because of its unique uses, as described later in this chapter. In Europe, a new process was developed to separate B-starch into two fractions a high-purity, small granular starch and a feed fraction.53 The process involves enzyme treatment followed by high-pressure treatment and purification on fine screens, separators and decanters. Large and small wheat starch granules are marketed in Japan.85... 

The A-starch slurry from the centrifugal decanter is screened and then refined either with hydrocyclones or with separators and decanters. Purification and concentration of A-starch is accomplished in multistage hydrocyclones, or the A-starch slurry is separated into A and B fractions in a nozzle-type centrifuge and the A-starch fraction is finally refined in a centrifugal decanter. The B-starch stream is passed through vibrating screens and concentrated in a decanter. Pentosans and other solubles are concentrated and either dried or co-fermented with the B-starch for ethanol production. 

Fritz HG, Aicholzer W, Seidenstticker T, Widmann B. Starch/Starke. 1995 47 475. 

Figure 7. SEMs of starch isolated from untreated and lime-treated corn (Palomero Reventador Toluqueno) A, starch from untreated corn, 110X magnification B, starch from lime-treated corn, 75 X magnification.

Kainuma, K., and French, D. 1972. Naegeli amylodextrin and its relationships to starch granule structure. II. Role of water in crystallization of B-starch. Biopolymers 11, 2241. 

Singh, M. O Hagan, D. The preparation and characterization of polymeric antigen delivery systems for oral administration. Adv. Drug. Delivery Rev. 1998, 34, 285-304. Wurzburg, O.B. Starch in the food industry. 1972, 1, 361-395. 

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