B Phenethyl alcohol

Figure 3.20. Analysis of carboxylic acids and alcohols by reversed phase HPLC, with indirect UV detection, (a) Carboxylic acids. Chromatography conditions mobile phase, 3 X 10 4 M l-phenethyl-2-picolinium in acetate buffer (pH 4.6) column, ju-Bondapak phenyl detection, indirect UV absorbance at 254 nm. Peaks 1, acetic acid 2, propionic acid 3, butyric acid 4, valeric acid 5, caproic acid S, system peak, (b) Aliphatic alcohols. Chromatography conditions mobile phase, 4 x 10 4 M nicotinamide in water column. Ultrasphere ODS detection, indirect UV absorbance at 268 nm. Peaks 1, methanol 2, propylene glycol 3, ethanol 4, 2-propanol 5, 1-propanol 6, system peak 7, 2-butanol 8, 2-methyl-l-propanol 9, 1-butanol. (Redrawn from Refs. 23 and 24 with permission.)...

Fig. 3 a Rate dependence of sec-phenethyl alcohol oxidation using various acetic acid concentrations. b Natural logarithm of sec-phenethyl alcohol concentrations versus time at various acetic acid concentrations. Reprinted with permission from Mueller JA, Goller CP, Sigman MS (2004) J Am Chem Soc 126 9724, Copyright 2004, American Chemical Society... 

Lincomycin increased the TEM - 2 fl - lactamase activity of Escherichia Coli (E. Coli) K -12 cells carrying plasmid RP4 at a concentration which slightly inhibited cell growth (70). In a control culture, a lactamase activity reached its maximal level in late log phase, where as when lincomycin was present, a - lactamase activity continued to increase into the stationary phase. Lincomycin (100 pgftnl) inhibited both cell growth and protein synthesis by about 35 % but the activity of stimulated o lactamase was 2.5 fold per ml of culture and about 4 - fold per cell after 20 hours of growth. Inactivation oh b lactamase appeared to be faster when lincomycin was present. This was determined by measuring the decrease ip b lactamase activity when phenethyl alcohol was present to prevent maturation of the enzyme. 

The chromatographic SMB reactor has been examined for various reaction systems, with the main focus on reactions of the type A + B C + D. Examples are esterifications of acetic acid with methanol (Lode et al., 2003b), ethanol (Mazotti et al., 1996a) and (5-phenethyl alcohol (Kawase et al., 1996) as well as the production of bisphenol A (Kawase et al., 1999). The same reaction type can also be found for various hydrocarbons, such as the transfer reaction of sucrose with lactose to lactosuc-rose (Kawase et al., 2001) and the hydrolysis of lactose (Shieh and Barker, 1996). Barker et al. (1992) focused on reactions of the type A B + C, such as enzyme-catalyzed sucrose inversion and the production of dextran. Also, reactions of the type A tB have been investigated, e.g. isomerization of glucose to fructose by Fricke (2005) as well as Tuomi and Engell (2004). Michel et al. (2003) have examined the application of electrochemical SMB reactors for consecutive reactions and used as an example the production of arabinose. 

Rego, A. Nelson, B. Simultaneous determination of hydrocortisone and benzyl alcohol in pharmaceutical formulations by reversed-phase high-pressure liquid chromatography. J.Pharm.Sci., 1982, 71, 1219-1223 [simultaneous benzaldehyde, benzoic acid, benzyl alcohol phenethyl alcohol (IS) creams gels ointments solutions]... 

Fig. 3 (A) [33] Sigrnatropic rearrangement of chorismate to prephenate catalyzed by antibody 11F1-2E11. The hapten is a shape mimic of the cyclic transition state. (B) Antibody 1E9 catalyzes a Diels-Alder reaction of tetrachlorothiophene dioxide and yV-ethylmaleimide. The hapten is comprised of the endo hexachloronorbornene unit. (C) Antibody 21H3A catalyzes the transesterification reaction between iec-phenethyl alcohol and an enolic ester to form a chiral ester. The hapten here is racemic phosphonate.

Figure 2 The phase diagram for the system water-laureth-4 (BRIJ 30)-phenethyl alcohol. L2 is a water-in-oil microemulsion LLC is the lamellar liquid crystal and A, B, and C define the three-phase region. The dashed line represents the evaporation path through the three-phase region into the LLC and W/O microemulsion region.

Phenethyl alcohol, p-nitro-Empihcal CsHgNOs Formula NO2C6H4CH2CH2OH Properties Yel. to orange solid sol. in DMSO, 95% ethanol, acetone sol. <0.1 mg/ml in water m.w. 167.16 m.p. 62-64 C b.p. 177 C (16 mm) Toxicology May be harmful by inh., ing., skin absorp. may cause eye/skin irritation TSCA listed... 

Aminoacridine hydrochloride 2-Amino-5-nitrothiazole Chloramine-B Chloramine-T Coffee (Coffea arabica) extract Gentamycin sulfate Hexamethylenetetramine 4-Hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl arsonic acid Phenethyl alcohol Sulfamethizole... 

Lingappa, B. T., M. Prasad, and Y. Lingappa Phenethyl alcohol and tryptophol autoantibiotics produced by the fungus Candida albicans. Science 163, 192—193 (1969). 

We have briefly looked at the electronic effects on this mechanism by the competition experiment of two primary alcohols (2-phenethyl ethanol and benzyl alcohol). The information we obtained only explained the importance of the nucleophilicity of the alcohol. In order to determine the electronic effects on the dissociating alcohol, an experiment could be performed that treats the silyl ether of a primary alcohol with a second primary alcohol, both alcohols having different electronic environments (Scheme 40). The ratio of exchange product (B) to expected product (A) would be an indication of the effect of the electronic environment on the dissociating alcohol in intermediate IV of Figure 11. 

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