B Logarithms

Figure 4.8 Fraction of amorphous polyethylene as a function of time for crystallizations conducted at indicated temperatures (a) linear time scale and (b) logarithmic scale. Arrows in (b) indicate shifting curves measured at 126 and 130 to 128°C as described in Example 4.4. [Reprinted with permission from R. H. Doremus, B. W. Roberts, and D. Turnbull (Eds.) Growth and Perfection of Crystals, Wiley, New York, 1958.]...

Fig. 20. Primary x-ray line and Bremsstrahlung background excited by bombardment with 15 keV electrons, (a) Linear scale plot, (b) Logarithmic scale...

Figure 4-327. plots for a U.S. Gulf Coast well in shales (a) linear scale (b) logarithmic scale. (Courtesy SPE [101].,)... 

Figure 9.17. Reduction of NO by propene on Pt/p -AI203.7,25 Effect of catalyst potential on the rate of N2 production, (a) linear rate scale, (b) logarithmic scale. T=375°C, p ,0 =1.27 kPa ppropene =1-47 kPa (A) and 0.60 kPa (O). Reprinted from ref. 7 with permission from the Institute for Ionics.

Fig. 33 a Surface composition of oxidized Hf(Sio.5Aso.5)As. b Logarithmic kinetics of Hf(Sio.5As0.5)As oxidation for three different samples. Reprinted with permission from [113]. Copyright Wiley... 

B. Logarithmic plot of the decay of the relative absorption at 2020 cm vs. time. Reproduced from Ref [55] with permission. 

Fig. 3. Concentration-effect relationship for the sigmoid Emax model with 5 = 0.5, 1, 3 and 5, respectively, (a) Linear concentration scale, (b) logarithmic concentration scale.

Figure 6.2 Torsional braid analysis (TBA) during isothermal reaction of a diepoxy, DGEBA, with a diamine, bis(p-aminocyclohexyl) methane, from -15°C to 220°C (a) relative rigidity (b) logarithmic decrement (Tg0 =-19°C, Tgoo = 170°C, and Tgge = 49°C). (Enns and Gillham, 1983 -Copyright 2001 - Reprinted by permission of John Wiley Sons, Inc.)...

Fig. 3.9. The effect of changes in the photomultiplier tube voltage and amplifier gain on the appearance of six signals with intensities in the relationship of 1 2 10 20 100 200 to each other. A Linear amplification. B Logarithmic amplification, (continued on next page)...

Figure 8.25. Some chemical and diagenetic properties of organic-rich marine sediments as a function of depth based on DSDP interstitial water profiles. A. Schematic gradients of SO42-, total alkalinity, Ca2+ and Mg2+ in pore waters, and zones of sulfate reduction, methanogenesis and fermentation. Magnesium diffuses into the sediment and organogenic dolomite forms at depth. B. Logarithm of calculated saturation states of interstitial waters with respect to dolomite. Dolomite saturation=0. All these pore waters are oversaturated with respect to dolomite. (After Compton, 1988.)...

FIGURE 18.1.1.13.1 B Logarithm of KOA versus reciprocal temperature for trans-chlordane. 

Figure 4. Oven aging of polypropylene samples stabilized with 0.1% Antioxidant A (—) and B (- -). Logarithmic scale...

Figure 6.5. Homologous series plots (a) linear (b) logarithmic. 1 = alkanes, 2 = cycloalkanes, 3 = esters, 4 = aldehydes, 5 = ketones, 6 = alcohols. Reprinted with permission from J. S. Lewis, H. W. Patton, and W. I. Kaye, Anal. Chem. 1956, 28, 1370. Copyright 1956, American Chemical Society.

Figure 10 Relationship between measured Z app, Rd, and and scan rate using Eqs. (17), (18), and (19) for the circuit model of Fig. 3a with R = 1000 ohms, Cdl = 1000 xF, and Rs = 10 ohms The true impedance of the system at the limit of zero scan rate is Rs + Rp. The true impedance of the system at infinite scan rate is Rs. (a) Linear scale, (b) Logarithmic scale.

FIG. 13.84 Generalised ultimate parameters of an elastomer (after Smith, 1962,1964). (A) Logarithmic plot of stress-at-break (a r27i/T) versus reduced time-to-break (fb/dj) for Viton B vulcanisate. Reference temperature for oT is 313 K (40 °C) (B) logarithmic plot of ultimate strain (gbr) versus reduced time to break (fbr/oj) for Viton B vulcanisate reference temperature for oT is 313 K (40 °C) (C) failure envelope for Viton B vulcanisate. 

Figure 10.36 Shear stress versus shear rate for 8CB at 31°C in a stress-controlled cone-and-plate plotted (a) linearly and (b) logarithmically. In (b), only the region I data are plotted. There is hysteresis in the jumps between regions I and II when the stress is increased or decreased. (From Panizza et al. 1995, with permission from EDP Sciences.)...

Figure 16.14 Effective capacitance as a function of frequency for Re — 10 flcm, R = 100 flcm, and C = 20 f4F/cm. The blocking system of Table 16.1(a) is represented by dashed lines, and the reactive system of Table 16.1(b) is represented by solid lines. The characteristic frequencies noted are/j c = (2nRC) and fc = (2nReC) a) linear scale and b) logarithmic scale.

Fig. 3.8 Typical bacterial growth curve in closed batch liquid culture. (A) Lag or adaptive phase (B) logarithmic or exponential phase (C) stationary phase (D) decline phase.

AplC50A B = logarithm of the ratio of potencies for Receptor A vs. Receptor B. 

Perot coating. As a light source we have used a halogen lamp spectrally filtered by a monochromator, (b) Logarithmic plot of the 540nm spectra in order to illustrate the stray light suppression. 

Figure 3.09 (a) Time variation of , the potential energy per atom in a 150-atom niekel-phosphorous amorphous deposit, as simulated by computer, (b) Logarithm of the distribution of potential energy minima, plotted against potential energy per atom. (After Stillinger and Weber, 1984). 

Fig. 7.21 Current-potential dependence for p-GaAs in 3 M HCL in the presence of 10 Cu + 2+ linear current scale b) logarithmic current scale. (After ref. [35])...

Figure 3.27 Semi-infinite solid with finite h. (a) Linear Bix, (b) logarithmic Six ...

Fig. 2 Kinetics of miciDbial inactivation (generalized), (a) Afithmetic/arithnietic (b) logarithmic/arithmeiic.

Figure 21. (a) Logarithmic cathodic current transients, (b) Logarithmic anodic current transients of a Lii.sNi02 electrode, determined theoretically by means of numerical analysis based upon the cell-impedance controlled lithium intercalation, where the solid line and the dotted line indicate the current transients calculated theoretically under the two conditions that Rcdi is constant and that Rcdi is varied with E, respectively. 

Figure 18.12 Typical G it) display for a monodisperse latex sample of 400 nm particle diameter, (a) Linear plot and (b) logarithmic plot.

Fig. 1 2006-2008 time series of total (thin line) and particulate phase (thick line) PAH concentration in air in Kosetice, plotted a linearly and b logarithmically (sum of 15 PAHs, gliding monthly mean of weekly 24 h-sam-ples, ng m )... 

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