B-butyrolactone

N. Tanahashi and Y. Doi, "Thermal properties and stereoregularity of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) prepared from optically active b-butyrolactone with a zinc-based catalyst". Macromolecules, 24, 5732-5733,1991. 

Analogous alkoxides, phenoxides, and carboxylates will also initiate the ROP of epoxides, all forming propagating alkoxide species.779 Block copolymers of epoxides with /3-butyrolactone have been prepared via the addition of EO or PO to living poly(ester) chains.782 The oxygen-bound enolate of living PMMA will also react with epoxides to yield diblocks such as PEO-b-PMMA and PPO-b-PMMA (Mn= 12,800, Mw/Mn = 1.16) 787... 

The transformation of A-oxides (150a,b) into butyrolactone derivatives (151a,b), accompanied by the formation of oximes (152) as by-products, is yet another example (331) (Scheme 3.122). 

B. D. Andresen, F. T. Davis, J. L. Templeton, R. H. Hammer, H. L. Panzik, Synthesis and Characterizaiton of a/p/za-Phenyl-garona-Butyrolactone, a Metabolite of Glutethi-mide, Phenobarbital and Primidone, in Human Urine , Res. Commun. Chem. Pathol. Pharmacol. 1976, f J, 21 - 30. 

B. A -Butenolide. In a 500-ml. three-necked flask fitted with a mechanical stirrer, a reflux condenser, and a 250-ml. dropping funnel containing a solution of 61 g. (84.5 ml., 0.6 mole) of triethylamine in 70 ml. of dry diethyl ether, a solution of 83 g. (0.5 mole) of a-bromo-Y-butyrolactone and 200 ml. of dry diethyl ether is heated to reflux, with stirring. The amine solution is added, slowly, during 5 hours and the stirring under reflux continued for an additional 24 hours. The brown precipitate (40 g.) is removed by filtration. Most of the solvent is removed from the filtrate by evaporation, and the additional precipitate (8 g.) is removed. This precipitate is predominantly triethylamine hydrobromide. The liquid residue is distilled under reduced pressure and the -butenolide is collected at 107-109° (24 mm.) ... 

Bjola, B.S., Siddiqi, M.A., and Svejda, P. Excess enthalpies of binary liquid mixtures of y-butyrolactone + benzene. + toluene, -t ethylbenzene, and -t carbon tetrachloride, and excess volume of the y-butyrolactone + carbon tetrachloride liquid mixture, / Chem. Eng. Data, 46(5) 1167-1171, 2001. 

Klunk, W.E., Kalman, B.L., Ferrendelli, ).A., Covey, D.F. Computer-assisted modeling of the picrotoxinin and -butyrolactone receptor site. Mol. Pharmacol. 1982, 23, 511-518. 

Two classes of a-hydroxylated lignans have been enantioselectively prepared a) wikstromol (3) [10, 38] and related natural products [39] and b) gomisin A (1) and congeners [40, 41]. In both cases, chiral, non-racemic ita-conic acid derivatives have been synthesized as key compounds for the preparation of -benzyl-y-butyrolactones (either by resolution (g [32]) or by asymmetric hydrogenation (h [25])). 

The diverse biological activity (allergenic, antitumour, fungitoxic, phytotoxic, cytotoxic, etc.) of germacranolides (226a and b) and other sesquiterpenoids containing cx/S-unsaturated y-butyrolactone units has been reviewed. During the period of... 

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