B. aggregate

Figure 1 presents a scheme for the formation of B—B bonds in binary metal borides, i.e., the occurrence of one-, two- and three-dimensional B aggregates as a function of the periodic group of the metal constituent. 

The different growth modes discussed above have been exemplified also from structural studies. Froment and Lincot [247] used structural characterization methods, such as TEM and HRTEM, to determine the formation mechanisms and habits of chemically deposited CdS, ZnS, and CdSe thin film at the atomic level. These authors formulated reaction schemes for the different deposition mechanisms and considered that these should be distinguished to (a) atom-by-atom process, providing autoregulation in normal systems (b) aggregation of colloids (precipitation) ... 

Fig. 3.16 Reaction schemes of different CBD mechanisms for compound semiconductors (a) atom-by-atom process (b) aggregation of colloids and (c) mixed process. (Reprinted from [247], Copyright 2009, with permission from Elsevier)...

Figure 7.5 Two topologically distinct types of mesoporous gold sponge, each with 50 volume % gold, (a) Swiss-cheese morphology produced by de-alloying, (b) aggregated particle morphology produced by sintering of nanoparticles.

A Big adularia crystals with fins qusru B Aggregates of adularia and quartz C Masslve quartz with adularia P Dfusy quartz ... 

Fig. 20. Diagram showing a singlelength channel and a doublelength channel formed across a phospholipid bilayer by a circular cluster of nystatin or amphotericin B aggregates...

Figure 6. SEM images of the C/C composite showing individual (a) or interconnected (b) aggregates of PAN.

Fig. 4 Profiles of a species diffusing from the bulk liquid towards segregated biophase, (a) Biofilm on an impervious particle, (b) Aggregated cells or entrapped cells beads (c) Biofilm on a porous particle. qP dye concentration on the solid phase...

Figure 11.23 (a) Structure of dipalinitoyl phosphatidylcholine. (b) Aggregates c)f alveoli. The advantage of dipalmitoyl phos-phab dylcholine is that it spreads at physiological temperatures to form a thin fat film over the whole inner surface of the alveolar sacs, which reduces surface tension. There are 300-400 million alveoli in each human lung. 

FIGURE 8.4 Foam structure of three-bubble (a) and four-bubble (b) aggregates. 

Fig. 39 Schematic diagram showing the formation of A interparticle surface aggregates which causes flocculation B aggregates with monomers in solution leading to dispersion...

J Data for samples with concentrated Ntl.,OH and (initial) h = 6.3. Source Ref. 28. b Aggregation numbers from Kitahara data (69). 

B) aggregates of protein nanofibres bridged by bioactive species... 

Figure 8.9 Sedimentation volumes for (a) peptised and (b) aggregated particles...

Table 2 b. Aggregation and micelle formation by metal carboxylates in hydrocarbon solvents... 

Fig. 10A-D. Freeze-fracture electron micrographs of mixed liposomes composed of lecithin and lipids 5 or 6 before and after mixing A image of lecithin liposomes containing lipid 5 or 6 before mixing B aggregation immediately following mixing of the complementary liposomes C,D images obtained after incubation for at least 15 minutes (taken from...

B Aggregate, spherical gravel test age, 4 days. b Aggregate, acidic crushed stone test age, 4 days. 0 Aggregate, basic crushed stone test age, 4 days. 

Figure 5 Aggregates 1-8 have the potential to exist as mixtures of isomers. (A) Schematic depiction of the four isomers possible for 6 resulting from different points of attachment of the spokes to the rosette. (B) Aggregate 3, which contains two rosettes, can exist in 16 isomeric forms. This table enumerates the 16 possibilities based on the four isomers for a single rosette shown in (A). (C) Schematic depiction of the fully staggered and fully eclipsed isomers of 7 only these isomers are compatible with the six lines in the imide region of the H NMR spectrum...

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