Average kinetic energy of fluid

In order to obtain the kinetic energy correction factor, a, for insertion in the mechanical energy balance, it is necessary to evaluate the average kinetic energy per xmit mass in terms of the average velocity of flow. The calculation procedme is exactly similar to that used for Newtonian fluids, (e g. see [Coulson and Richardson, 1999]). 

The corresponding expression for a Bingham plastic is cumbersome. However, Metzner [1956] gives a simple expression for a which is accurate to within 2.5%  

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