Automatic picker

Accurate onset time determination can be carried out visually by an operator or automatically by a picking algorithm and depends on the onset definition itself Leonard [2000] describes the tme onset time of a seismic phase as the moment in time when the first energy of a particular phase arrives at a sensor. However, this definition is applicable to elastic waves in nearly all media. The onset time is usually picked as the point where the difference from the noise occurs first, although an experienced analyst will often extrapolate slightly back into the noise (Leonard 2000). These are also the requirements to a reliable automatic picker. 

Figure 7.1 Examples of automatically identified ligand-binding pockets with inhibitors bound. For pocket detection, a grid-based approach was used (Pocket-Picker). Dots represent surface cavities identified by PocketPicker, colored by buriedness . Solvent-accessible pocket surfaces are indicated by a mesh (left) or as hard surface (right). Darker shading of the grid dots indicates greater buriedness. a) Thrombin active site (PDB identifier 2cf8, 1.3 A resolution with a lactam inhibitor), b) co-crystal structure of Factor Xa (PDB entry lezq, 2.2 A resolution with inhibitor RPR128515). The automatically extracted pocket does not match with the surface-exposed parts of the actual inhibitor binding pocket. (Adapted from ref. 3.)...

A clear, roughly cubic crystal of edge 0.10-0.15 mm was chosen for data collection. A Picker automatic four-circle diffractometer, equipped with a fine-focus Mo anode tube, was used. High-angle reflections were accurately centered at a takeoff angle of and were used for a least-squares refinement of the ceil parameters. Data were collected and treated as described in a recent article. A complete hemisphere of data was collected for 26 < 55°. Intensities of three standards were collected at intervals of every 200 reflections. A total of 2418 independent intensity data were recorded. 

X-Ray M urements. Diffraction data were collected at room temperature (24.5 1.5 ) on a Picker automatic four-circle diffractometer using Mo Ko radiation (X 0.7107 A). Accurate cell dimensions were obtained by measuring the 20 ai e for the Mo Koj peak for the highest angle reflection observable along each of the principal axes. Tlie c axis was oriented along . 

A solvent module (Varian model No. 5000) with a UV detector coupled to an on-line Nal(Tl) detector was used for high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis. For radioactive measurements, a dose calibrator (Capintec CRC-7, USA), a solid scintillation counter (ORTEC, USA) with a plane (7.62 cm x 7.62 cm) Nal(Tl) detector, an automatic well type gamma counter (Compac-120, Picker, USA) and a multichannel analyser coupled to a Nal(Tl) detector (7.62 cm x 7.62 cm) were used. 

Another series of database tables is used to track the flow of material advance shipping notice (ANS) table for those receipts that are expected soon, putaway tables for items received that are to be stored, replenish tables for forward pick areas, pick tables for pick waves in each area, load consolidation tables, truck manifest tables, and additional move tables for other moves not specified above. There may be more than one version of each table, one as planned and another as executed, or these characteristics may be captured in one table. These tables, which are often subdivided by priority, are particularly important when automatic identification, such as bar code, is used to control flow. In the situation of batch picking with zoning the pick table needs to contain details on zone, picker, pick wave, sorting area, packing method, and so on. (see Table 8). 

The protein spots are picked up with an automatic spot picker for digestion and subsequent mass spectrometry analysis. Alternatively, the separated protein spots are transferred to an inert support (Western blotting). Commonly used inert supports are polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) and nitrocellulose. This process cleans and concentrates the separated protein before its further analysis. 

In the domain of acoustic emissions, Kurz et al. [2005] applied the principle of the autoregressive AIC picker in an automatic onset detection procedure. The results of the autoregressive AIC picker were then compared to manual picks and to an auto picker based on the Hinkley criterion, developed for acoustic emissions by Grosse and Reinhardt [1999]. Details about these approaches and the results can be found in Kurz et al. [2005]. In the following, only a short summary will be given. 

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