Automated selective dispensing

Automation of all necessary procedures The electrochemical robotic system should enable efficient sequential and parallel electroanalysis, flexible selection and variation of parameters, and easy data management. Additional features such as automatic transfer and dispensing of reagents with suitable pumps, integration of a microtiter plate shaker, and control of the temperature within the wells need to be implemented. 

Numerous reviews cover the selection, construction, and curation of chemical libraries, debates about their size and composition, operational costs, infrastructure, and best practices of compound management of stock solutions and dry powders [2, 3, 20]. For the purposes of implementation of automated robotic assays, the practical aspects are that the entire chemical library exists as working stocks (typically 2 mM in 100 % DMSO) of individual compounds stored in heat-sealed (see also Note 4), daughter barcoded microplates of well density format matching the final screening format (96-, 384-, or 1,536-well) in a plate material consistent w/chemical inertness (cycloelefin copolymer (COC) or polypropylene) or optimized for acoustic dispensing (Echo-certified COC or diamond plates). 

Many modern analyzers u.se a closed-tube technology to minimize exposure to biohazards and to reduce manual manipulations. Samples and reagents arc dispensed automatically, the measurements made by photometry or ion-selective electrodes, and the results computed. Most have bar-coding capabilities to reduce errors from incorrect patient identification, A typical chemistry-immunochemisiry automated analyzer is shown in Figure 3.3-18. 

A wide variety and numerous suppliers of automated dispensing equipment are available as listed in Table 4.22. An important consideration in selecting an automated, contact-type dispensing system is the pump used in the system, of which there are three types time-pressure, auger, and linear piston or positive displacement. " ... 

Jet dispensing, also known as jetting, is a direct-dispensing process whereby the adhesive paste is forced through a fine nozzle and programmed to flow onto selected areas controlled from a computer database. It is an automated method that differs from syringe/needle dispensing in that contact with the surface is not required to produce the dots, lines, or patterns. 

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