Australia competitions

Many further solar energy developments and demonstrations took place m the first half of the twentieth century. However, only one solar technology survived the commercial competition with cheap fossil fuels. That exception was solar water heaters that were widely used in Japan, Israel, Australia and Florida, where electricity was expensive and before low-cost natural gas became available. 

Among the most deadly of simple compounds is sodium fluoroacetate. The LD50 (the dose lethal for 50% of animals receiving it) is only 0.2 mg/kg for rats, over tenfold less than that of the nerve poison diisopropylphosphofluoridate (Chapter 12).a b Popular, but controversial, as the rodent poison "1080," fluoroacetate is also found in the leaves of several poisonous plants in Africa, Australia, and South America. Surprisingly, difluoroacetate HCF2-COO is nontoxic and biochemical studies reveal that monofluoroacetate has no toxic effect on cells until it is converted metabolically in a "lethal synthesis" to 2R,3R-2-fluorocitrate, which is a competitive inhibitor of aconitase (aconitate hydratase, Eq. 13-17).b This fact was difficult to understand since citrate formed by the reaction of fluorooxalo-acetate and acetyl-CoA has only weak inhibitory activity toward the same enzyme. Yet, it is the fluorocitrate formed from fluorooxaloacetate that contains a fluorine atom at a site that is attacked by aconitase in the citric acid cycle. 

Dairy producers. The dairy industry in Australia has suffered boom and bust cycles for most of the last hundred years though the competitive global food market has taken its toll over the last decade. A recent vote by dairy farmers will see deregulation with a levy imposed per litre to pay farmers to exit the industry over the next decade. Ironically this has come at a time when there is huge interest from Japan for Australia to supply organic... 

Howitt, K. Burgess, N. Brooks, C. The Refinement and Application of PharmGroup Classifications as a Management Tool for Competitive Neutrality in the Health Industry Report to The Society of Hospital Pharmacists of Australia Melbourne, Australia, December 2000. 

The United States is currently the leader in chemistry education. The strength of chemistry education comes largely from the few U.S. universities where it is within the chemistry department rather than a school of education. Gains in U.S. chemistry education research will come as additional universities adopt this model and foster chemistry education research. Competition from England, Germany, and Australia is projected to increase. 

Figure 1.3 World wide deposits of diamond (dark shading countries with diamond resources). The classical African export countries experience increasing competition from discoveries in Canada and Australia.

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