Atrazine removal

Beltran, F.J. Rivas, J. Acedo, B. Atrazine removal by ozonation processes in surface waters. J. Environ. Sci. Health, 1999, B34, 229. 

Galluzo, M.J. Baniji, S.K. Bajpai, R. SurampaUi, R.Y. Atrazine removal through hiofiltration. Practice Periodical of Hazardous, Toxic, and Radioactive Waste Manage. 1999, 3, 163. 

Knappe, D. R. U., et al. (1997). Effect of preloading on rapid small-scale column test predictions of atrazine removal by GAC adsorbers. Water Res. 31, 11, 2899-2909. 

The combination of membranes and PAC has proved to be very effective for the removal of atrazine, at the laboratory and full-scale plant [41]. Modeling of the process has been effective in the prediction of atrazine removal, although laboratory studies have shown that the longer retention time in this system can result in displacement of the pesticide from the surface by NOM, and this must be taken into account when applying the model for full-scale predictions [42, 43]. The RSSCT and SBA tests have also been applied to predict GAC bed life for atrazine removal, with mixed success [10, 44]. 

Figure 26.5 shows the RSSCT predictions of atrazine removal compared with the full-scale removal at a water treatment plant in France, at two empty bed contact times [45]. The RSSCT overestimated the removal to a significant extent for the 7 min contact time, also for the 14 min contact time for large-scale... 

Devitt E.C., Wiesner M.R., Cote P. (1994), Atrazine removal by ultrafiltration and nanofiltration enhanced... 

Brown NW, Roberts EPL, Chasiotis A, Cheidron T, Sanjhrajka N (2004) Atrazine removal using adsorption and electrochemical regeneration. Water Res 38 3067-3074... 

Triazines pose rather more of a problem, probably because the carbons are in an effectively oxidized state so that no metaboHc energy is obtained by their metaboHsm. Very few pure cultures of microorganisms are able to degrade triazines such as Atrazine, although some Pseudomonads are able to use the compound as sole source of nitrogen in the presence of citrate or other simple carbon substrates. The initial reactions seem to be the removal of the ethyl or isopropyl substituents on the ring (41), followed by complete mineralization of the triazine ring. 

Column/injector maintenance. The use of a guard column, in addition to scheduled injector maintenance, provides significantly improved GC performance. Loss of performance manifests itself in poor peak shape and reduced sensitivity. This is particularly noticeable with atrazine but also with the other analytes. Maintenance should include removal of a 30-60 cm section of the guard column and replacement of the... 

A Cis disk has been used to remove chlorotriazine, atrazine, metabolites, organophosphorus compounds, phenylurea, and carbamate pesticides from seawater prior to analysis by HPLC [392],... 

Algal densities and biomass reduced, diversity decreased, and species composition altered. Within 16 days after removal of atrazine stress, net productivity was indistinguishable from controls, but community structure remained altered at day 21 (Hamala and Kollig 1985)... 

The city of Columbus, Ohio, installed a PACT water treatment system for 1.2 million. The system was purchased to remove atrazine (a pesticide) from the water supply. In 1997, Columbus spent 150,000 on powered activated carbon. Additional monitoring costs were estimated to be over 10,000 per year (D19947H, p. 11). 

In Illustrative Example 24.3 we considered an accidental spill of atrazine into the River G. We analyzed the possible removal of atrazine by the solid-water interaction and found that only a very small fraction of atrazine would be removed to the sediments. 

Von Sonntag C (1996) Degradation of Aromatics by Advanced Oxidation Processes in Water Remediation some Basics Considerations, Journal Water Supply Research and Technology-Aqua 45 84-91. Xiong F, Graham N J D (1992) Research Note Removal of Atrazine through Ozonation in the Presence of Humic Substances, Ozone Science Engineering 14 283-301. 

Adams C D, Randtke S J (1992 b) Removal of Atrazine from Drinking Water by Ozonation, Journal of American Waterworks Association 84 91-102. 

Duguet J P, Bernazeau F, Mallevialle J (1990 b) Research Note Removal of Atrazine by Ozone and Ozone-Hydrogen Peroxide Combination in Surface water, Ozone Science Engineering 12 195-197. 

Xiong F, Graham N J D (1992) Research Note Removal of Atrazine through Ozonation in the Presence of Humic Substances, Ozone Science Engineering 14 283-301. 

Takeuchi et al. reported the preparation of an imprinted polymer for the conversion of the herbicide atrazine (100) in atraton (101), a less toxic compound, by conversion of an atrazine chloride into methoxy [59, 60]. After polymerisation and removal of the template, analysis of the imprinted polymer showed saturation kinetics, suggesting an enzyme-like behaviour of the polymer. 

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