ATP cost

2 ATPs are required to store each glucose as glycogen. Synthesis  

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Function Location Connections Regulation ATP Yield ATP Cost Molecular Features... 

Fatty Acid Synthesis Function Fatty Acid Synthesis Location Fatty Acid Synthesis Connections Fatty Acid Synthesis Regulation Fatty Acid Synthesis ATP Costs (for C16)... 

The research summarized in this manuscript was directed toward one particular problem in enzymology that is, the development of techniques which would make possible the use of cofactor-requiring enzymes in organic synthesis. The central problem in this area has been one of expense. ATP costs approximately 800/mole when purchased in mole quantities the costs of the nicotinamide cofactors range from 1500/mole (for NAU ) to 250,000/mole (for NADPH). 

The ATP cost is the same, but more than 30 ATP can be derived from aerobic metabolism. 

At this juncture, the PEG/maltodextrin (MDX) system [153,154] appears to be the most cost-effective ATPS (cost of MDX is l/kg) though the large-scale operations using real systems have yet to be carried out using this system. The productivity of the purification process increases considerably, especially for intracellular enzymes, which in turn improves the economics of the process, when ATPE is employed instead of conventional methods as indicated by Kroner et al. [151]. 

While this reaction may recover all of the electrons involved in the reduction of protons by nitrogenase [reaction 10], none of the ATP costs are recovered, so that at best only one-third of the energy involved in H2 production is ultimately saved by Hup (Dixon, 1972). Consequently, assuming four ATP consumed by the nitrogenase per Hj evolved, and a P O ratio of 2 for bacteria (Hinkle and McCarty, 1978), a nodule with an EAC of 0.75 and capable of recovering all of its evolved H2 by the Hup enzyme would have a theoretical cost of 2.36 mol C02/mol NH3, that is 8.2% less than the 2.57 mol CO2/NH3 mentioned earlier for an EAC value of 0.75 with no Hup activity. 

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