ATOMS CAN LOSE OR GAIN ELECTRONS TO BECOME IONS

Gilbert Newton Lewis (1875—1946) revolutionized chemistry with his theory of chemical bonding, which he published in 1916. He worked most of his life in the chemistry department of the University of California at Berkeley, where he was not only a productive researcher but also an exceptional teacher. Among his teaching innovations was the idea of providing students with problem sets as a follow-up to lectures and readings. 

An electrically neutral sodium atom contains 11 negatively charged electrons surrounding the 11 positively charged protons of the nucleus. When this atom loses an electron, the result is a positive ion. 

I Electrons ore negatively I charged. So gaining an electron results in a i 

Q = Strong nuclear attraction for valence electrons tendency to form negative ions 

If an atom has only one or only a few electrons in its valence shell, it tends to lose these electrons so that the next. shell inward, which is already filled, becomes the outermost occupied shell. The sodium atom of Rgure 6.4, for example, has one electron in its valence shell, which is the third shell. In forming an ion, the sodium atom loses this electron, thereby making the second shell, which is 

An electrically neutral fluorine atom contain.s nine proton.s and nine electrons. When this atom gains an elearon, the result is a negative ion. 

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Atoms Can Lose or Gain Electrons to Become Ions... 

ATOMS CAN LOSE OR GAIN ELECTRONS TO BECOME IONS... 

The number of electrons in a neutral atom is equal to the number of protons in its nucleus (designated by its atomic number Z). During chemical changes, however, atoms can lose or gain electrons and become charged particles called ions. For example, neutral lithium... 

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