Atomized binder

Schaefer T, Worts O. Control of fluidized bed granulation II, estimation of droplet size of atomized binder solution. Arch Pharm Chem Sci Ed 1977 5 178-193. 

Granulation, II. Estimation of droplet Size of Atomized Binder... 

Fig. 7.77 shows two schematic representations of a rectangular contact fluidizer which, in this case, also incorporates back-mixed as well as plug flow sections. Therefore, it can be utilized in much the same way as discussed before. Plug flow is achieved with baffles arranged transversely (see also Fig. 7.73). As shown, a rotary distributor disperses the wet feed evenly over the back-mixed section (dry feed and atomized binder liquid could be also used) which, in addition, is equipped with contact heating surfaces that are immersed in the fluidized bed (see also Fig. 7.74b). As shown in Fig. 7.77b, the heating panels can be easily removed for cleaning and maintenance. The supply of thermal energy is selected such that a substantial portion of the required heat is provided by the panels. Therefore, it is possible to reduce both the temperature and the amount of gas through the system significantly which is particularly important if the material to be treated is heat sensitive.

Pyrotechnic mixtures may also contain additional components that are added to modify the bum rate, enhance the pyrotechnic effect, or serve as a binder to maintain the homogeneity of the blended mixture and provide mechanical strength when the composition is pressed or consoHdated into a tube or other container. These additional components may also function as oxidizers or fuels in the composition, and it can be anticipated that the heat output, bum rate, and ignition sensitivity may all be affected by the addition of another component to a pyrotechnic composition. An example of an additional component is the use of a catalyst, such as iron oxide, to enhance the decomposition rate of ammonium perchlorate. Diatomaceous earth or coarse sawdust may be used to slow up the bum rate of a composition, or magnesium carbonate (an acid neutralizer) may be added to help stabilize mixtures that contain an acid-sensitive component such as potassium chlorate. Binders include such materials as dextrin (partially hydrolyzed starch), various gums, and assorted polymers such as poly(vinyl alcohol), epoxies, and polyesters. Polybutadiene mbber binders are widely used as fuels and binders in the soHd propellant industry. The production of colored flames is enhanced by the presence of chlorine atoms in the pyrotechnic flame, so chlorine donors such as poly(vinyl chloride) or chlorinated mbber are often added to color-producing compositions, where they also serve as fuels. 

Graphitization. Graphitization is an electrical heat treatment of the product to ca 3000°C. The purpose of this step is to cause the carbon atoms in the petroleum coke filler and pitch coke binder to orient into the graphite lattice configuration. This ordering process produces graphite with intermetaHic properties that make it useful in many appHcations. 

A. Milchev, K. Binder. Osmotic pressure, atomic pressure and the virial equation of state of polymer solutions Monte Carlo simulations of a bead-spring model. Macromol Theory Simul 5 915-929, 1994. 

The type of solvent used depends on the binder. There is normally more than one type of solvent in paint, particularly for spray application. Highly volatile solvents are needed to reduce the viscosity during atomization and then disperse as quickly as possible, but lower volatile solvents are necessary to remain momentarily to ensure that there is sufficient flow to form a continuous film. 

In the manufacturing of USY catalyst, the zeolite, clay, and binder are slurried together. If the binder is not active, an alumina component having catalytic properties may also be added. The well-mixed slurry solution is then fed to a spray dryer. The function of a spray dryer is to form microspheres by evaporating the slurry solution, through the use of atomizers, in the presence of hot air. The type of spray dr er and the drying conditions determine the size and distribution of catalyst particles. 

HMX based expls for projects such as the 8" arty fired atomic proj and the Lunar seismic expts were evolved during the 1960 s and early 1970 s using Teflon as the binder (Refs 51, 55, 60, 67 69)... 

Polyhydric Alcohols. (Polyols). An alcohol with three or more hydroxyl groups, each attached to a different carbon atom. They are w-sol and of sweetish taste, which tends to intensify with increasing hydroxyl content. Examples of polyols of ordn interest are listed below. Polyvinyl alcohol is considered in a separate entry as a polymer although it is defined as a polyhydric alcohol. Polyols, when nitrated, make excellent expls, proplnt binders, plasticizers, etc. Prepn can follow the procedure of Lenth DuPuis (Ref 3) which uses a methanol suspension of either sucrose or dextrose and a special Cu-Al oxide catalyst to yield 60-65% distillable polyols at 240° and 1500psi Refs 1) Beil — refs found under individual compds 2) CA, under Alcohols, Polyhydric for compds of current ordn interest 3) C.W. Lenth R.N. DuPuis, "Polyhydric Alcohol Production by Hydrogenolysis of Sugars in the Presence of Copper-Aluminum Oxide , IEC 37, 152-57 (1945) CA 39, 1391 (1945)... 

Machata, G. and Binder, R. "The Determination of Lead, Thallium, Zinc and Cadmium Traces in Biological Material with Flameless Atomic Absorption". Z. Rechtsmed. (1973),... 

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