Atomic weights Transformation

What factor can be used to transform molar heat capacity into specific heat Ans. The reciprocal of atomic weight (or formula weight). For example. 

Ultimately, Dalton s theory completely transformed chemical composition, from a chaos of unorganized empirical knowledge into a highly rational science centered on the concept of atomic weight. The particular values... 

The atomic weight of bromine.—The at wt. of bromine has been determined by methods which follow in principle those employed for chlorine. A. J. Balard (1826),14 the discoverer of bromine, transformed a known weight of potassium bromide into the sulphate, and also reduced silver bromide to metallic silver by means of zinc the numbers 74 7 and 75 3 were respectively obtained. J. von Liebig (1826)... 

CHEMICAL ELEMENTS. A chemical element may be defined as a collection of atoms of otic type which cannot be decomposed into any simpler units by any chemical transformation, but which may spontaneously change into other units by radioactive processes A chemical element is a substance that is made up of but one kind of atom. Of the over 100 chemical elements known, only 90 tire found in nature. The remaining elements have been produced in nuclear reactors and particle accelerators. Theoretical physicists do not all agree, but some believe that fission-stable nuclei should exist at atomic numbers 109. 114. and 126. Claims thus lur have been made for the discovery, isolation, or creation of elements up to 110. The element with the highest atomic number officially named and entered into the formal table of atomic weight is darmstudlium (Dx) with an atomic number of 110. 

M is the molecular or atomic weight of the material being transformed... 

The atomic weight of uranium is about 238, and that of radio-lead 206, so that the difference is approximately 32. During the radio-active transformation of uranium into radiolead eight alpha-particles are emitted so that since the atomic weight of an alpha-particle is four we should expect the change in the atomic weight to be 32. 

Fig. 13.—The radioactive transformation scries. The changes indicated by vertical lines correspond to a-emission, by horizontal lines to /d-emission in the former the atomic weight falls by 4, the atomic number by 2 in the latter the atomic weight remains approximately constant, and the atomic number increases by i. Shaded circles indicate a-rays circles without shading, -rays. The size of each circle corresponds to the half-value period.

In the directions to follow it will be assumed that 1 kg. of oxides of rare earths with average atomic weight equal to 128.25 (see synthesis 16) is to be transformed to bro-mates. For a smaller amount of material or for a different average atomic weight, proportionate amounts of reagents must be used. The rare earths must be cerium-free because cerium catalyzes a troublesome decomposition of bromate ion. 

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