Atomic theory, historical perspective

See also Atomic Absorption, Methods and Instrumentation Atomic Absorption, Theory Atomic Emission, Methods and Instrumentation Atomic Spectroscopy, Historical Perspective Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry, Methods Materials Science Applications of X-Ray Diffraction X-Ray Fluorescence Spectroscopy, Applications. 

We begin with a historical perspective of the search for the fundamental units of matter. The modem version of atomic theory was laid hy John Dalton in the nineteenth century, who postulated that elements are composed of extremely small particles, called atoms. AH atoms of a given element are identical, but they are different from atoms of all other elements. (2.1)... 

Freed, K. F., Many-body theories of the electronic structure of atoms and molecules, Ann. Rev. Phys. Chem. 22 313 (1971). An excellent review with almost three hundred references. It is written for the nonspecialist with a historical perspective. 

Because the van der Waals equation of state preceeded The General Theory of Molecular Forces, the interactions between molecules and/or atoms became known collectively as van der Waals forces. From a historical perspective, van der Waals interactions encompass the entire spectrum of weak interactions depicted in Figure 1, from the dispersion forces holding a He nanodroplet together to the hydrogen bonds in a cluster of water molecules. Although many researchers today associate van der Waals forces only with weak dispersion interactions, this review adopts the historical definition of van der Waals interactions and uses the term to collectively refer to all weak chemical interactions between uncharged molecules (and/or atoms). 

See also Atomic Absorption, Theory IR Spectroscopy, Theory Nonlinear Raman Spectroscopy, Applications Nonlinear Raman Spectroscopy, Instruments Nonlinear Raman Spectroscopy, Theory Rotational Spectroscopy, Theory Symmetry in Spectroscopy, Effects of Vibrational, Rotational and Raman Spectroscopy, Historical Perspective. 

See also Atomic Absorption, Theory Inorganic Chemistry, Applications of Mass Spectrometry Laser Appiications in Electronic Spectroscopy Laser Microprobe Mass Spectrometers Laser Spectroscopy Theory Mass Spectrometry, Historical Perspective Microwave Spectrometers. 

Chapter 10 (Modern Atomic Theory) In Chapter 10 we have expanded our treatment of the atom by adding a section on the historical development of the structure of the atom. This material on Rutherford s work will give students a better perspective on how the current model of the atom was conceived. We have also greatly expanded our treatment of light with new emphasis on the properties of waves and the dual nature of light. 

Abstract. Miller s papers on classical 5-matrix theory had a profound influence on the understanding of inelastic atom-molecule collisions. This perspective discusses the historical background, the content, some applications, and new developments. 

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