Organic compounds atomic structure

Figure 13.6 showed you that an organic compound can be arranged in different structural shapes, called isomers. All the isomers of a compound have the same molecular formula. In this investigation, you will make two-dimensional and three-dimensional models of isomers. Your models will help you explore the arrangements of the atoms in organic compounds. 

Sutter, J.M. and Jure, P.C. (1996). Prediction of Aqueous Solubility for a Diverse Set of Hetero-atom-Containing Organic Compounds Using a Quantitative Structure-Property Relationship. J.Chem.Inf.Comput.Sci., 36,100-107. 

Sigma complexes are now also known or suspected for X—M, where X = Si. Sn, B, P, While atoms in organic compounds are either bonded or nonbond inorganic compounds can have bond orders between 0 and 1. That is why many structures have dotted lines, indicating partial bonds, for example, Eq. 3.42. - ... 

The normal valency of carbon atoms in organic compounds is 4, so the valencies of the nodes in the hydrogen-suppressed structural graphs of simple alkanes are limited to the values of... 

Many completely conjugated hydrocarbons can be built up from the annulenes and related structural fragments. Scheme 9.2 gives the structures, names, and stabilization energies of a variety of such hydrocarbons. Derivatives of these hydrocarbons having heteroatoms in place of one or more carbon atoms constitute another important class of organic compounds. 

By far the most common CN of hydrogen is 1, as in HCl, H2S, PH3, CH4 and most other covalent hydrides and organic compounds. Bridging modes in which the H atom has a higher CN are shown schematically in the next column — in these structures M is typically a transition metal but, particularly in the Mi-tnode and to some extent in the x3-mode, one or more of the M can represent a main-group element such as B, Al C, Si N etc. Typical examples are in Table 3.3. Fuller discussion and references, when appropriate, will be found in later chapters dealing with the individual elements concerned. 

There are numerous families of organic compounds, with structures analogous to hydrocarbons, that contain other atoms (e.g., O, N, S, Cl) besides C and H. Classification is done in accordance with the structural theory on the basis of functional groups present. The atom or atomic grouping that characterizes a particular family and also determines the properties of its members is called a Junctional group. Table 2-42 contains a selected list of common functional groups and examples of... 

The same kind of orbital hybridization that accounts for the methane structure also accounts for the bonding together of carbon atoms into chains and rings to make possible many millions of organic compounds. Ethane, C2H6, is the simplest molecule containing a carbon-carbon bond. 

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