Atomic force microscopy applications in biology

Laboratory of Biophysics and Surface Analysis, School of Pharmacy, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK 

Whilst electron microscopy is still widely used today for the routine analysis of biomolecular samples, it has limitations. First, nonconducting samples must be made conductive, usually achieved by applying a thin layer of gold to the surface. Second, 

Chemical Biology Edited by Banafshe Larijani, Colin. A. Rosser and Rudiger WoscholsM 2006 John Wiley Sons, Ltd 

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On the other part, the incorporation of bulky aromatic phosphorus pendant group into PSF s side chain influenced their reologi-cal properties. The maximum hydrophobicity of the polysulfones with bulky phosphorus jiendant groups, in which the work of water adhesion is very low comparatively with the work of cohesion, correlated with low adhesion to interfaces, would be advantageous for dielectric performance in different biological applications. Atomic force microscopy showed that the increase of density of the bulky phosphorus pendant groups determine the formation of domains... 

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