Side-chain influence

The major application of 1,3-heterocycles discussed herein is their function as protecting groups. It is obvious that numerous reactions at the side chain have been carried out in the presence of the heterocycles. The focus in this section is (1) transformations close to the heterocycle, one to two atoms away (2) interesting (though this is somewhat subjective) reaction at longer distances and (3) transformations in the side chain influenced by the heterocycle. 

From the above examples, it is clear that the nature of the side chain influences the helical sense of polyamino acids. The side-chain-to-side-... 

Fig. 3 demonstrates, on the basis of the sweet and bitter taste of the amino acids, that not only hydrophobicity, but also the shape of the side chains influences the threshold value. 

Monoclonal antibody structural features, such as carbohydrate side chains, influence tissue uptake and clearance (11). For example, Morell and colleagues (76) demonstrated that removal of sialic acid residue from the carbohydrate side chain of mouse IgGj increased its clearance and shortened its half-life. They also demonstrated increased clearance and liver uptake of asialo-a2-iTiacroglobulin and asialohaptoglobin. 

The 7i TC interactions occur in all areas of chemistry and for chemically diverse molecules. The stacking of 7t-delocalized molecules favors cooperative phenomena. such as electron conduction. The n-stacking motifs are key components of the design of molecular materials with ensemble properties. Nucleotide base-pair stacking is fundamental to molecular biology, and aromatic interactions between amino-acid side chains influence protein structure. 

Li, G., Zhao, B., Kang, C., Lu, Z., Li, C., Dong, H., Hu, W, Wu, H., Bo, Z., 2015a. Side chain influence on the morphology and photovoltaic performance of 5-fluoro-6-alkyloxybenzothiadiazole and benzodithiophene based conjugated polymers. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 7,10710-10717. 

The aromatics tested (Tables 3-4 and 3-5) normally exhibit a levelling of the TGA curve at weight (mass) losses more than 85-95 %. There is doubt whether this is a real pyrolysis because the point of inflexion is in the range from 230 °C up to 300 °C. Nevertheless the length of an aliphatic side chain influences the thermal behavior of substituted pyrenes... 

Abe et ah have studied the conformational characteristics of a series of poly[oxy(-l-alkylethylenes)]. In the first paper a comparison of the statistical weights of various conformations in poly(propylene oxide), deduced from the solution properties of isotactic and atactic chains, were compared with conformational weights derived from a potential-energy surface, and an anomeric effect identified with a discrepancy between the two. Flexible side-chains influence the main chain in a manner which is expressible in the statistical weight matrices. The dimensions of these chains are strongly influenced by their tacticity. Polymer chains containing both sulphur and oxygen heteroatoms have received the attention of... 

These results exhibit a strong dependency of properties on the alkyl side chain length, which can be explained by variation of the electronic band structure and interaction between the side chains influenced by the dimensions and coplanarity of the conjugated main chain, depending on the alkyl chain length and its conformation. In particular, an unique doping effect of Cso in PAT is observed [502, 503]. 

Figures 2.84-2.86 LDPE side chain influence (increasing content of C2H5 side chains)...

Side Chain Influence on the Extent of Coi ugation in Soluble Polythiophenes... 

On the other part, the incorporation of bulky aromatic phosphorus pendant group into PSF s side chain influenced their reologi-cal properties. The maximum hydrophobicity of the polysulfones with bulky phosphorus jiendant groups, in which the work of water adhesion is very low comparatively with the work of cohesion, correlated with low adhesion to interfaces, would be advantageous for dielectric performance in different biological applications. Atomic force microscopy showed that the increase of density of the bulky phosphorus pendant groups determine the formation of domains... 

Fox and his associates (54-58) have studied the effect of a number of factors on anilide synthesis by papain. They report that the optimal pH for anilide synthesis varies with the A-acyl amino acid used. The influence of the amino acid side chain influences the rate of anilide synthesis much as would be expected from the hydrolytic specificity of papain. 

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