Atom transfer radical copolymerization

Atom transfer radical copolymerization can be described by a scheme similar to that shown in Scheme 9.48 except that bimolecular activation steps must be added ( Section 9.4). Copolymerization by ATRP through 2001 has been reviewed by Kelly and Matyjaszewski.554 A summary of ATRP copolymerizalions appears in Table 9.21. 

Li, W. Gao, H. Matyjaszewski, K. Influence of initiation efficiency and polydispersity of primary chains on gelation during atom transfer radical copolymerization of monomer and cross-linker. 

Klumperman and coworkers [259] observed that while it is lately quite common to treat living radical copolymerization as being completely analogous to its radical counterpart, small deviatiOTis in the copolymerization behavior do occur. They interpret the deviations on the basis of the reactions being specific to controlled/living radical polymerization, such as activation—deactivation equilibrium in ATRP. They observed that reactivity ratios obtained from atom transfer radical copolymerization data, interpreted according to the conventional terminal model deviate from the true reactivity ratios of the propagating radicals. 

In a recent paper, P(HEMA-co-MOEP) brushes were further functionalized using RGD peptides. The desired outcome was to obtain osteoconductive substrates suitable for bone implant applications. Surface-initiated atom transfer radical copolymerization was used to produce the copolymer brushes. It does not appear that the MOEP was purified before use. MOEP was found to promote matrix mineralization with a concomitant increase with MOEP content. Mineral formation was most pronounced on substrates that presented both phosphate groups and the RGD peptide sequences. 

Zhao, Y.-Y., Zhang, J.-M., Jiang, J., Chen, C.-R, and Xi, R 2002. Atom transfer radical copolymerization of n-hexylmaleimide and styrene in an ionic liquid. Journal of Polymer Science, Part A Polymer Chemistry 40 3360-3366. 

Living atom-transfer radical copolymerization (ATPR) of4-styryldiphenylpho-sphine (SDPP) with styrene was applied by Poli s group as a new method for the construction of polymer-supported phosphine ligands (Scheme 2.44) [142]. Copolymers with a statistical distribution of the monomers were obtained by means of CuBr/MegTREN as catalyst. Ethyl bromoisobutyrate was used as initiator. A small amount of CuBr2 was added to prevent a slower deactivation... 

Arehart, S. V., and Matyjaszewski, K. (1999). Atom transfer radical copolymerization of styrene and n-butyl acrylate. Macromolecules, 32(7) 2221-2231. 

Roos, S. G., Mueller, A. H. E., and Mat jaszewski, K. (1999). Copolymerization of n-butyl acrylate with methyl methacrylate and PMMA macromonomers comparison of reactivity ratios in conventional and atom transfer radical copolymerization. Macromolecules, 32(25) 8331-8335. 

Jiang, X., et al. (2000). Atom transfer radical copolymerization of methyl methacrylate with N-cyclohexylmaleimide. Polym. hit., 49(8) 893-897. 

Muthukrishnan S, Jutz G, Andre X, Mori H, Muller AHE (2005) Synthesis of hyperbranched glycopolymers via self-condensing atom transfer radical copolymerization of a sugarcarrying acrylate. Macromolecules 38(1) 9-18... 

In the future, surface modification of die degradable latex particles will be studied. Also, the possibility to incorporate various compounds in the degradable nanocages prepared by the atom transfer radical copolymerization of a disulfide-containing crosslinker and other monomers in miniemulsions, as well as the release of those compounds will be explored. 

Zhang G, Hu J, He G, et al Statistical fluorinated copolymers from heterogeneous atom transfer radical copolymerization of styrene and 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl methacrylate with similar reactivity ratios, J Polym Sci A Polym Chem 51 1852-1864, 2013. 

Gao, H., Min, K., Matyjaszewski, K. Determination of gel point during atom transfer radical copolymerization with cross-linker. Macromolecules 40(22), 7763-7770 (2(X)7)... 

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